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Mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serving as delivery system have attracted extensive research interest, especially in cancer therapy. In our previous study, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) showed inhibitory effects on gastric cancer growth. In this study, we aimed to explore whether MSC-EV-delivered L-PGDS (EVs-L-PGDS) could inhibit gastric cancer progression. EVs-L-PGDS were generated from MSCs transfected with adenovirus encoding L-PGDS. Cell colony-forming, migration, invasion, and flow cytometry assays were used to show the inhibitory effects of EVs on tumor cells in vitro, and the nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model was performed to show the inhibitory effect of EVs on tumor progression in vivo. In vitro, EVs-L-PGDS could be internalized and inhibit the colony-forming, migration, and invasion ability of gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 and promote cell apoptosis. In vivo, EVs-L-PGDS inhibited the tumor growth in nude mouse subcutaneous tumor-bearing model. Compared with the PBS and EVs containing empty vector (EVs-Vector) group, more apoptotic cells and higher L-PGDS expression were detected in tumor tissue of the EVs-L-PGDS treatment group. And these differences are significant. Mechanistically, EVs-L-PGDS reduced the expression of stem cell markers including Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in gastric cancer cell SGC-7901. In conclusion, our results imply that MSC-derived EVs could be utilized as an effective nanovehicle to deliver L-PGDS for gastric cancer treatment, which provides a novel idea for the EV-based cancer therapy.

Antimicrobial resistance is limiting treatment options for

infections. To aid or replace culture and the syndromic management approach, molecular assays are required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide appropriate and rapid treatment.

We aimed to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms and plasmids associated with antimicrobial resistance from

isolates from a clinic population in South Africa, using real-time PCR as a rapid test for AMR detection.

isolates, from female and male patients presenting for care at a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Durban, South Africa, were analysed using phenotypic and genotypic methods for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Real-time PCR and high-resolution melting analysis were used to detect

pseudogene (species-specific marker) and resistance-associated targets. Whole-genome sequencing was used as the gold standard for the presence of point mutations.

The real-time

pseudogene assay identified all

-positive isolates and specimens. STC-15 Concordance between molecular detection (real-time PCR and HRM) and resistance phenotype was ≥92% for



(HLR penicillin), rpsJ_V57M (tetracycline),

(tetracycline), and gyrA_S91F (ciprofloxacin). Resistance determinants 16SrRNA_C1192U (spectinomycin), mtrR_G45D (azithromycin), and penA_D545S, penA_mosaic (cefixime/ceftriaxone) correlated with the WHO control isolates.

Eight resistance-associated targets correlated with phenotypic culture results. The

pseudogene reliably detected

. Larger cohorts are required to validate the utility of these targets as a convenient culture-free diagnostic tool, to guide STI management in a South African population.

Eight resistance-associated targets correlated with phenotypic culture results. The porA pseudogene reliably detected N. gonorrhoeae. Larger cohorts are required to validate the utility of these targets as a convenient culture-free diagnostic tool, to guide STI management in a South African population.Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is one of the most critical mechanisms in carcinogenesis and can be classified into effects on DNA methylation and histone modification. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in fine-tuning their target genes after transcription. Various microRNAs control the expression of histone modifiers and are involved in a variety of cancers. Therefore, overexpression or downregulation of microRNAs can alter cell fate and cause malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microRNAs in regulating the histone modification machinery in various cancers, with a focus on the histone-modifying enzymes such as acetylases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, demethylases, kinases, phosphatases, desumoylases, ubiquitinases, and deubiquitinases. Understanding of microRNA-related aberrations underlying histone modifiers in pathogenesis of different cancers can help identify novel therapeutic targets or early detection approaches that allow better management of patients or monitoring of treatment response.Tumor immunotherapy brings substantial and long-term clinical benefits that can even cure tumors. However, the accumulation of evidence suggests that immunotherapy also induces severe and complex neurologic immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) and even leads to immunotherapy-related death, which arouses the concern of clinicians. The timely and accurate identification of neurotoxicity helps clinicians detect and treat these complications early, thereby enhancing treatment efficiency and improving the prognosis of patients. At present, the mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by immunotherapy has not been completely elucidated. This paper mainly reviews the clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies of neurologic ir-AEs.With the increase of long-term primary lung cancer survivors, studies focused on metachronous second primary lung cancer (SPLC) have become very urgent. This study aimed to develop a prognostic nomogram and determine therapeutic options of cancer-specific death for patients with metachronous SPLC with and without the competing risk of other-specific death. Study population came from the SEER-18 database between 2006 and 2016. According to the clinical practice guideline of SPLC, the interval time of IPLC and metachronous SPLC was set to 4 years. We constructed nomograms with Lasso + Cox regression model and competing risk model to predict the prognosis and identify therapeutic options of metachronous SPLC patients with the assessment of model performance by the C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. In addition, two subgroup analyses stratified by histology and tumor size were used to better select therapeutic options for a certain population. 1300 patients with metachronous SPLC were incorporated in this study with 50.1% of the 5-year cumulative incidence in cancer-specific death. Compared with Lasso + Cox regression analysis, competing risk analysis harbored a higher C-index (0.811 vs. 0.76) and better net benefit in predicting cancer-specific death of metachronous SPLC. Two statistical analyses suggested that surgery alone was a preferentially therapeutic option of metachronous SPLC, whereas the effect of surgery + radiation in treating metachronous SPLC was similar to radiation alone. Subgroup analyses indicated that patients with metachronous SPLC were considered receiving different therapeutic options in different histology and tumor size but preferred to receive surgical treatment as the first choice. For primary lung cancer survivors, aggressive surgical treatment was the first-line selection of metachronous SPLC, followed by radiation alone, surgery + radiation, and no surgery + radiation.Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumours of the alimentary canal. It is unclear whether pyroptosis-related lncRNA expression is correlated with CC prognosis. We discovered 20 pyroptosis-related lncRNAs that were expressed differently in CC and normal colon tissues in our investigation. Based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we grouped all CC patients into two categories (Clusters 1 and 2). Cluster 1 was shown to be connected with a higher overall survival rate, upregulated expression of immune checkpoints, higher immunoscores, higher estimated scores, and immune cell infiltration. Using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to create a multigene signature, the predictive significance of each lncRNA linked with pyroptosis for survival was assessed. A 9-lncRNA signature was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method, and all CC patients in the TCGA cohort were classified into low-risk or high-risk groups. The low-risk CC patients had a much greater chance of survival than those in the high-risk group. The risk score is an independent prognostic indicator for predicting survival. In addition, risk characteristics are linked to immune characteristics. In summary, pyroptosis-related lncRNAs can be used to predict CC prognosis and participate in tumour immunity.

This study was to quantitatively synthesize data in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of laparoscopic resection comparing natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) versus conventional laparoscopy (CL) in colorectal cancer.

We identified eligible RCTs by searching seven electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and Sinomed). Mean differences (MDs) between groups with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for continuous outcomes. Event rate ratios (RRs) were also calculated with their 95% CIs.

1,569 citations were identified from electronic database as of June 2020, and finally, 21 RCTs involving 2,112 patients met the study eligibility criteria and were included. Compared to the CL group, NOSE had longer operation time (MD 8.14 min, 95% CI 3.02 to 13.25, and

< 0.01), less estimated blood loss (-10.64 ml, 95% CI -14.92 to -6.36, and

< 0.01), less hospital stay after surgery (-2.21 days, 95% CI -3.36 to -1.06, and

< 0.01), shorter h better cosmetic scores, and less postoperative complications.

There were no significant differences between the cRY group and pRY group regarding age, sex, BMI, neoadjuvant therapy, preoperative comorbidities, history of laparotomy, ASA score, tumor location, pathological stage, total operative time, incision length, blood loss, time-to-first flatus, time-to-first soft diet, and postoperative hospital stays. The proportions of patients who received a 21 mm stapler were higher in the cRY group (7/44) than that in the pRY group (0/68) (

= 0.003). 7 anastomotic complications were reported (6 in the cRY group versus 1 in pRY group;

= 0.028) of which five (83.3%) in the cRY were anastomotic stenosis versus none in the pRY group (

= 0.044).

The application of pant-shaped anastomosis for esophagojejunostomy after LTG is a safe and feasible procedure and has an advantage when the jejunum diameter is small.

The application of pant-shaped anastomosis for esophagojejunostomy after LTG is a safe and feasible procedure and has an advantage when the jejunum diameter is small.Patients are required to be observed and treated continually in some emergency situations. However, due to time constraints, visiting the hospital to execute such tasks is challenging. This can be achieved using a remote healthcare monitoring system. The proposed system introduces an effective data science technique for IoT supported healthcare monitoring system with the rapid adoption of cloud computing that enhances the efficiency of data processing and the accessibility of data in the cloud. Many IoT sensors are employed, which collect real healthcare data. These data are retained in the cloud for the processing of data science. In the Healthcare Monitoring-Data Science Technique (HM-DST), initially, an altered data science technique is introduced. This algorithm is known as the Improved Pigeon Optimization (IPO) algorithm, which is employed for grouping the stored data in the cloud, which helps in improving the prediction rate. Next, the optimum feature selection technique for extraction and selection of features is illustrated.