Hahnthuesen4638

Only three researchers carried out a quick review, which limited the depth of individual analysis of the studies included. Also, the suggestions and material presented should be evaluated in future investigations.

This systematic review provides useful guidelines for providing speech pathology interventions through telepractice for children with cleft palate. Audiovisual materials seem to be extremely useful for families receiving the interventions. The use of interactive videos for Spanish-speaking children and educational videos for parents is manifest.

This systematic review provides useful guidelines for providing speech pathology interventions through telepractice for children with cleft palate. Audiovisual materials seem to be extremely useful for families receiving the interventions. The use of interactive videos for Spanish-speaking children and educational videos for parents is manifest.Norfloxacin is one of the widely used antibiotics, often detected in aquatic ecosystems, and difficultly degraded in the environment. However, how norfloxacin affects the photosynthetic process of freshwater phytoplankton is still largely unknown, especially under varied light conditions. In this study, we investigated photosynthetic mechanisms of Microcystis aeruginosa in responses to antibiotic norfloxacin (0-50 μg/L) for 72 h under low (LL; 50 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and high (HL; 250 μmol photons m-2 s-1) growth light regimes. We found that environmentally related concentrations of norfloxacin inhibited the growth rate and operational quantum yield of photosynthesis system II (PSII) of M. aeruginosa more under HL than under LL, suggesting HL increased the toxicity of norfloxacin to M. aeruginosa. Further analyses showed that norfloxacin deactivated PSII reaction centers under both growth light regimes with increased minimal fluorescence yields only under HL, suggesting that norfloxacin not only damaged reaction centers of PSII, but also inhibited energy transfer among phycobilisomes in M. aeruginosa under HL. However, non-photosynthetic quenching decreased in the studied species by norfloxacin exposure under both growth light regimes, suggesting that excess energy might not be efficiently dissipated as heat. Also, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) content increased under norfloxacin treatments with a higher ROS content under HL compared to LL. In addition, HL increased the absorption of norfloxacin by M. aeruginosa, which could partly explain the high sensitivity to norfloxacin of M. aeruginosa under HL. This study firstly reports that light can strongly affect the toxicity of norfloxacin to M. aeruginosa, and has vitally important implications for assessing the toxicity of norfloxacin to aquatic microorganisms.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A.pleuropneumoniae) causes serious economic loss for the swine industry. A high-temperature requirements A (HtrA)-like protease and its homologs have been reported to be involved in protein quality control and expression of important immunoprotective antigens in many pathogens. In this study, we showed that HtrA of A.pleuropneumoniae exhibited both chaperone and proteolytic activities. Moreover, Outer membrane protein P5 (OmpP5) in A.pleuropneumoniae and Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in porcine lung tissues were first discovered and identified as specific proteolytic substrates for rHtrA. The maximum cleavage activity occurs at 50 ℃ in a time-dependent manner. In addition, rHtrA mainly induced IgG 2a subtype of IgG and Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) response in a mice model, and promoted a significant proliferation of spleen lymphocytes compare with negative control (P less then 0.05). The survival rates of 37.5 % were observed against A.pleuropneumoniae strain. Together, these data demonstrate that rHtrA plays a multi-functional role in A.pleuropneumoniae.Respiratory diseases negatively impact the global goat industry, but are understudied. There is a shortage of established and biological relevant in vitro or ex vivo assays to study caprine respiratory infections. Here, we describe the establishment of an in vitro system based on well-differentiated caprine airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures grown under air liquid interface conditions as an experimental platform to study caprine respiratory pathogens. The functional differentiation of the AEC cultures was monitored and confirmed by light and immunofluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and examination of histological sections. We validated the functionality of the platform by studying Influenza D Virus (IDV) infection and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) colonization over 5 days, including monitoring of infectious agents by titration and qPCR as well as colour changing units, respectively. The inoculation of caprine AEC cultures with IDV showed that efficient viral replication takes place, and revealed that IDV has a marked cell tropism for ciliated cells. Furthermore, AEC cultures were successfully infected with Mmc using a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 and colonization was monitored over several days. Altogether, these results demonstrate that our newly-established caprine AEC cultures can be used to investigate host-pathogen interactions of caprine respiratory pathogens.Rhodococcus equi is a soil saprophytic bacterium and intracellular pathogen that causes pneumonia in foals. Strains of R. equi that are virulent in foals contain a plasmid that encodes a virulence-associated protein A (VapA) necessary for replication in macrophages. Because other intracellular pathogens survive and replicate inside amoebae, we postulated that the VapA-bearing plasmid (pVAPA) confers a survival advantage for R. equi against environmental predators like amoebae. To test this hypothesis, we compared phagocytosis by and survival in Acanthamoeba castellanii of isogenic strains of pVAPA-positive and pVAPA-negative R. equi. Phagocytosis of the pVAPA-negative strain by A. castellanii was significantly (P less then 0.0001) greater than the pVAPA-positive strain. Intracellular replication of the pVAPA-positive strain in A. castellanii was significantly (P less then 0.0001) greater than the pVAPA-negative strain during both 48 h and 9 days. These results indicate that the presence of the VapA plasmid reduces uptake and aids replication of R. equi in A. castellanii.Endocytosis mediates the uptake of extracellular proteins, micronutrients and transmembrane cell surface proteins. Importantly, many viruses, toxins and bacteria hijack endocytosis to infect cells. The canonical pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and is active in all eukaryotic cells to support critical house-keeping functions. Unconventional mechanisms of endocytosis exit in parallel of CME, to internalize specific cargoes and support various cellular functions. These clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) routes use three distinct mechanisms acute signaling-induced membrane remodeling drives macropinocytosis, activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE), massive endocytosis (MEND) and EGFR non-clathrin endocytosis (EGFR-NCE). Cargo capture and local membrane deformation by cytosolic proteins is used by fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME), IL-2Rβ endocytosis and ultrafast endocytosis at synapses. this website Finally, the formation of endocytic pits by clustering of extracellular lipids or cargoes according to the Glycolipid-Lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis mediates the uptake of SV40 virus, Shiga and cholera toxins, and galectin-clustered receptors by the CLIC/GEEC and the endophilin-A3-mediated CIE.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequent, quality-of-life (QOL) impairing disease in pediatrics. The SN-5 is a reliable, sensitive and reproductible QOL questionnaire, validated in English for evaluation of CRS disease-specific QOL in children. This study aims to adapt and validate the French version of this test.

The SN-5 score was adapted into French language through a forward-backwards translation process, and validated through a monocentric prospective controlled study. Inclusion criteria were 2-12 years of age, CRS symptoms for at least 12 weeks, or absence of sino-nasal symptom for controls. Reproducibility was assessed through Spearman's correlation between initial answers and a re-test conducted 15 days later. Internal consistency was measured through Cronbach's alpha, construct validity through Spearman's correlation between items, discriminative ability through Mann-Whitney tests.

40 patients and 37 controls filled the score between November 2019 and March 2020. Retest was returned by 35 patients and 35 controls. Mean cases age was 8.5±2.6 years old. 26 patients had primary CRS, 10 had cystic fibrosis, 4 had ciliary dyskinesia. All had diffuse disease. Mean SN-5 overall score was 3.63/7±6.4 for CRS patients and 1.89/7±0.9 for controls (p<0.001). Test-retest coefficient was 0.84 (0.70-0.92; p<0.001), Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 for CRS patient. Item per item construct validity was good to excellent.

The French version of the SN-5 showed good statistical properties, with good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, structural validity and discriminative ability between CRS and control patients.

The French version of the SN-5 showed good statistical properties, with good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, structural validity and discriminative ability between CRS and control patients.

To report on our experience with open pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) with cartilage interposition grafts over the past 15 years and document setbacks and factors that affect postoperative outcomes.

A retrospective chart review was performed on all pediatric patients who underwent single and double-stage LTR at The Children's Hospital in Westmead between August 2004 and July 2019. The outcomes measured include the overall decannulation rate, rates of postoperative complications, need for subsequent procedures and postoperative functional results (dyspnea, stridor, voice impairment).

Between August 2004 and July 2019, a total of 51 open LTRs were performed on 46 patients, with mean age 3.9 years (range 1 month to 12.1 years), including 11 revision operations (11.8%). The most common indication for surgery was subglottic stenosis, followed by bilateral vocal cord motion impairment followed by anterior glottic web. 13 cases (25.5%) were complicated by ventilator associated pneumonia in the pts (71.7%) had good exercise tolerance with no or mild stridor. Forty-one of the forty-six patients (89.1%) were successfully decannulated.

Good outcomes were achieved following open LTR for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis despite postoperative complications. At final follow up, 33 patients (71.7%) had good exercise tolerance with no or mild stridor. Forty-one of the forty-six patients (89.1%) were successfully decannulated.Multimodal neuroimaging assessments were utilized to identify generalizable brain correlates of current body mass index (BMI) and predictors of pathological weight gain (i.e., beyond normative development) one year later. Multimodal data from children enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® at 9-to-10-years-old, consisted of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting state (rs), and three task-based functional (f) MRI scans assessing reward processing, inhibitory control, and working memory. Cross-validated elastic-net regression revealed widespread structural associations with BMI (e.g., cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volume, and DTI), which explained 35% of the variance in the training set and generalized well to the test set (R2 = 0.27). Widespread rsfMRI inter- and intra-network correlations were related to BMI (R2train = 0.21; R2test = 0.14), as were regional activations on the working memory task (R2train = 0.20; (R2test = 0.