Haaninghuffman7204
Purpose To assess the physical performance of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) compared with those of filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) and to estimate the dose reduction potential of the technique. Approach A cylindrical water bath phantom with a diameter of 300 mm including two rods composed of acrylic and soft tissue-equivalent material was scanned using a clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner at four dose levels (CT dose index of 20, 15, 10, and 5 mGy). Phantom images were reconstructed using FBP, DLIR, and IR. The in-plane and z axis task transfer functions (TTFs) and in-plane noise power spectrum (NPS) were measured. The dose reduction potential was estimated by evaluating the system performance function calculated from TTF and NPS. The visibilities of a bar pattern phantom placed in the same water bath phantom were compared. Results The use of DLIR resulted in a notable decrease in noise magnitude. The shift in peak NPS frequency was reduced compared with IR. Preservation of in-plane TTF was superior using DLIR than using IR. The estimated dose reduction potentials of DLIR and IR were 39% to 54% and 19% to 29%, respectively. However, the z axis resolution was decreased with DLIR by 6% to 21% compared with FBP. The bar pattern visibilities were approximately consistent with the TTF results in both planes. find more Conclusions The in-plane edge-preserving noise reduction performance of DLIR is superior to that of IR. Moreover, DLIR enables approximately half-dose acquisitions with no deterioration in noise texture in cases that permit some z axis resolution reduction.Purpose Utilization of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) on radiological ultrasound (US) imaging has increased tremendously. The prominent CAD applications are found in breast and thyroid cancer investigation. To make appropriate clinical recommendations, it is important to accurately segment the cancerous object called a lesion. Segmentation is a crucial step but undoubtedly a challenging problem due to various perturbations, e.g., speckle noise, intensity inhomogeneity, and low contrast. Approach We present a combinatorial framework for US image segmentation using a bilateral filter (BF) and hybrid region-edge-based active contour (AC) model. The BF is adopted to smooth images while preserving edges. Then the hybrid model of region and edge-based AC is applied along the scales in a global-to-local manner to capture the lesion areas. The framework was tested in segmenting 258 US images of breast and thyroid, which were validated by manual ground truths. Results The proposed framework is accessed quantitatively based on the overlapping values of the Dice coefficient, which reaches 90.05 ± 5.81 % . The evaluation with and without the BF shows that the enhancement procedure improves the framework well. Conclusions The high performance of the proposed method in our experimental results indicates its potential for practical implementations in CAD radiological US systems.
Running is a common recreational activity that provides many health benefits. However, it remains unclear how patellofemoral cartilage is affected by varied running distances and how long it takes the cartilage to recover to its baseline state after exercise.
We hypothesized that patellofemoral cartilage thickness would decrease immediately after exercise and return to its baseline thickness by the following morning in asymptomatic male runners. We further hypothesized that we would observe a significant distance-related dose response, with larger compressive strains (defined here as the mean change in cartilage thickness measured immediately after exercise, divided by the pre-exercise cartilage thickness) observed immediately after 10-mile runs compared with 3-mile runs.
Descriptive laboratory study.
Eight asymptomatic male participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of their dominant knee before, immediately after, and 24 hours after running 3 and 10 miles at a self-selected pace (on separate iomechanics in asymptomatic male runners that may be used to optimize exercise protocols and investigations targeting those with running-induced patellofemoral pain.
Although knee kinematics during landing tasks has traditionally been considered to predict noncontact knee injuries, the predictive association between noncontact knee injuries and kinematic and kinetic variables remains unclear.
To systematically review the association between kinematic and kinetic variables from biomechanical evaluation during landing tasks and subsequent acute noncontact knee injuries in athletes.
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2.
Databases used for searches were MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, SCIELO, IME, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane from database inception to May 2020. Manual reference checks, articles published online ahead of print, and citation tracking were also considered. Eligibility criteria included prospective studies evaluating frontal and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of landing tasks and their association with subsequent acute noncontact knee injuries in athletes.
A total of 13 studies met the eligibility criteria, capturing 333 acute noncontact knee injuries in 8689 participants. A meta-analysis revealed no significant effects for any kinematic and kinetic variable with regard to subsequent noncontact knee injuries.
No kinetic or kinematic variables from landing tasks had a significant association with acute noncontact knee injuries. Therefore, the role and application of the landing assessment for predicting acute noncontact knee injuries are limited and unclear, particularly given the heterogeneity and risk of bias of studies to date.
No kinetic or kinematic variables from landing tasks had a significant association with acute noncontact knee injuries. Therefore, the role and application of the landing assessment for predicting acute noncontact knee injuries are limited and unclear, particularly given the heterogeneity and risk of bias of studies to date.
Differences in the development of fibrocartilage layers in quadriceps tendon (QT) and patellar tendon (PT) insertion sites are unclear. Because the mechanical environments for the QT and PT are different, the development of the QT and PT insertions may differ.
To investigate differences in the development of fibrocartilage layers in the QT and PT insertion sites in rabbits through use of quantitative morphometric evaluations.
Descriptive laboratory study.
This study included 54 male Japanese White rabbits. Animals were euthanized at ages 1 day and1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks (n = 6 for each age). Chondrocyte number, proliferation, apoptosis, sex-determining region Y box 9 (Sox9)-positive rates, safranin O-stained glycosaminoglycan (GAG) areas, tidemark length, insertion width, and patellar length were evaluated and compared with the same parameters at age 24 weeks and between QT and PT insertion sites.
Chondrocyte proliferation was low up to age 2 weeks for QT insertion and low up to 1 week foon.
Development of fibrocartilage layers in QT and PT insertions differed in rabbits. Our results may contribute to the development of appropriate treatments based on age and the development of methods for regeneration of the insertion.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States, the hip being the second most affected weightbearing joint. Autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) is a promising alternative therapy to conventional treatments, with the potential to mitigate inflammation and improve joint function.
To investigate the effectiveness of a single intra-articular BMC injection for patients with symptomatic hip OA.
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
A total of 24 patients diagnosed with symptomatic hip OA who elected to undergo a single BMC injection were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients were excluded if they reported a preinjection Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score for pain with activity of <6 points out of 10. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and NRS pain scores were collected before and after the procet or injection procedure.
A single BMC injection can significantly improve subjective pain and function scores up to 6 months in patients with symptomatic hip OA. Further studies are warranted to evaluate BMC treatment against other therapeutics in a larger sample size and compare the biological signature profiles that may be responsible for the therapeutic effect.
A single BMC injection can significantly improve subjective pain and function scores up to 6 months in patients with symptomatic hip OA. Further studies are warranted to evaluate BMC treatment against other therapeutics in a larger sample size and compare the biological signature profiles that may be responsible for the therapeutic effect.
Associations of genetic variants within certain fibril-forming genes have previously been observed with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Evidence suggests a significant role of angiogenesis-associated cytokines in remodeling the ligament fibril matrix after mechanical loading and maintaining structural and functional integrity of the ligament. Functional polymorphisms within the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene have emerged as plausible candidates owing to their role in the regulation of angiogenic responses.
VEGFA promoter polymorphisms rs699947 and rs35569394 are associated with ACL injury risk among athletes.
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
A total of 90 Indian athletes with radiologically confirmed or surgically proven isolated ACL tears and 76 matched-control athletes were selected for the present cross-sectional genetic association study. Oral mouthwash samples were collected from all the case and control athletes and genotyped for VEGFA rs699947 and rs355ng.Newcastle Disease (ND) is a major viral disease in Indonesia. It is an RNA virus belongs to Paramyxovirinae. It is well known that RNA virus is easily to mutate. In some cases, this mutation could generate virulence alteration. It is noted that mutation of NDV which has avirulent amino acid sequence on the cleavage site, could mutate to be virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). It is needed to analyze the nucleotide and amino acid mutations and the effect of those to its virulence. The aim of this study was to analyze nucleotide and amino acid mutations of original isolated Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Samples were collected from cloacal swab of native chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) suspected to be infected by Lentogenic NDV from live bird markets. They were inoculated into embryonated eggs, to isolate the virus. HA and HI assays were conducted to confirm that they were NDV. Positive samples were processed into serial passages in embryonated egg to observe their death time. Samples caused mortality of the embryonated eggs more than 90 hours post infection were suspected as Lentogenic NDV. They were processed to RT-PCR then sequenced. Lentogenic NDV confirmation was done by comparing amino acid at Fusion protein cleavage site of the samples to Lasota/JF950510. Nucleotide and amino acid mutations were analyzed. The result showed that some nucleotide mutations were capable to change sequences of amino acid but the virulence of the samples remained the same to the reference sequence.
