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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of skull fractures on the development of intracranial lesions in cases of head trauma associated with traffic accidents.

A retrospective review was made of the medico-legal reports of 774 cases with injuries sustained in a traffic accident and which applied for expert examination as forensic cases at the Department of Forensic Medicine of our University between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019. A total of 162 cases (20.1%) were identified which were radiologically diagnosed with at least one skull fracture or intracranial lesion. These cases were evaluated in terms of age, gender, type of accident, and localization of skull fractures and/or intracranial lesions, and they were compared statistically to determine whether the presence or absence of skull fractures affected the development of intracranial lesions.

The 162 cases evaluated comprised 120 males and 42 females with a mean age of 25.1±16.4 years. Intracranial lesion found to occur most between the ages of 1 and 20 years, and the presence of skull fractures was determined to reduce the incidence of intracranial lesions by decreasing intracranial pressure.Herein, we report a fatal case of high-pressure water-inflicted femoral injury. A male worker in his twenties was found at the construction site with significant bleeding from the left femoral region. At three hours after discovery, his death was confirmed in an emergency hospital. The deceased was noted to be 182 cm in height, 62.5 kg in weight, and postmortem rigidity strongly appeared in his whole joints. Externally, there was a large, 28-cm laceration in the left medial femoral region, wherein the subcutaneous muscle layer was drastically contused and transected, and both the femoral artery and vein were completely disrupted. This injury also penetrated into the left popliteal region similar to an impalement injury, producing a small, circular, 1.5-cm wound exit site. Moreover, two lacerations in the right anterior femoral region were presented in an inverse "U"-like shape, with injury lengths of 14 cm and 26 cm. Internally, every organ was apparently anemic, given that the water jet lance produced pressures ranging from 10,000-40,000 psi. Thus, the cause of his death was diagnosed as hemorrhagic shock secondary to femoral artery and vein disruption caused by a high-pressure water jet unit.

The global spread of the COVID 19 disease and the concerning rise in the number of corpses of the patients dying of the disease has caused challenges in handling the corpses by the health system and relevant organizations in most countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors affecting the corpse management process of the patients dying of COVID 19.

This study was a systematic review of literature using the PRISMA guideline. Without time limit until the end of January 2021, the studies related to corpse management in patients with COVID 19 were extracted from the data resources of Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Google scholar, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Iranmedex, SID, and ISC, and also the reference lists of selected studies, as well as other systematic reviews, key journals, and proceedings of conferences and congresses. Finally, thematic analysis was used to analyze the obtained data.

190 studies were identified based on the initial search, and finally 21 studies were entered ining personal protective equipment to those in close contact with corpses, the development and implementation of health protocols for managing possibly a large number of bodies, capacity building, and anticipating necessary resources are highly recommended strategies.In a broiler carcass production conveyor system, inspection, monitoring, and grading carcass and cuts based on computer vision techniques are challenging due to cuts segmentation and ambient light conditions issues. This study presents a depth image-based broiler carcass weight prediction system. An Active Shape Model was developed to segment the carcass into 4 cuts (drumsticks, breasts, wings, and head and neck). Five regression models were developed based on the image features for each weight estimation (carcass and its cuts). The Bayesian-ANN model outperformed all other regression models at 0.9981 R2 and 0.9847 R2 in the whole carcass and head and neck weight estimation. The RBF-SVR model surpassed all the other drumstick, breast, and wings weight prediction models at 0.9129 R2, 0.9352 R2, and 0.9896 R2, respectively. This proposed technique can be applied as a nondestructive, nonintrusive, and accurate on-line broiler carcass production system in the automation of chicken carcass and cuts weight estimation.

This study described associations between selected walk indices (WI) and walking and physical activity behaviors in rural and urban children.

WI were higher in urban environments, yet children from rural areas walked for transportation more than children from urban areas. There was a negative correlation between National WI scores and walking for transportation in urban areas, and between the Frank WI scores and walking for exercise in rural areas.

Indices of walkability are not associated with objectively measured physical activity or self-reported walking behavior in children living in rural and urban settings.

Indices of walkability are not associated with objectively measured physical activity or self-reported walking behavior in children living in rural and urban settings.A positive doctor-patient relationship is believed to play a key role in the healing process in clinics. While challenges to the doctor-patient relationship are a global concern, complex social contexts which introduce familial collectivism and totalitarian bureaucracy to maintain a doctor's authority have complicated doctor-patient relationships in China. This study delineates a multi-dimensional therapeutic landscape of hospitals in China, focusing on the doctor-patient relationship performances used to improve patients' healing experiences. Based on fieldwork in two primary hospitals in Eastern China, we find that primary hospitals in China are not only professional spaces, but hybrids of professional and non-professional spaces. In these spaces, both professional and other discourses in various forms of social-environmental engagement affect therapeutic experiences. Varying time and space in hospitals allow doctors to construct multi-dimensional therapeutic landscapes vis-a-vis patients to secure patients' compliance with their recommendations, and thus improve health outcomes. We argue that these dimensions may also cause negative therapeutic experience such as unnecessary health care. This study contributes to the literature on therapeutic landscapes of health care by providing a critical view on the construction of multi-dimensional therapeutic hospital landscapes. Furthermore, it links the critical health geographies literature with China's broader social context to explicate the cultural and social transformation of health care spaces in contemporary China. Akt inhibitor Findings from this study inform both theoretical and empirical debates regarding therapeutic landscapes of health care by embedding the professional spaces of health care into broader geographical discourses. This calls for health professionals to reflect on ethical concerns in multi-dimensional health care landscapes.We determined the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in fifteen hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were divided into mild/moderate (mild, n = 1; moderate, n = 4) or severe (n = 10) and virus-specific anti-Nucleocapsid IgM, anti-Spike IgG and anti-Spike IgA were measured in serial serum samples collected 0 to 15 days after hospital admission. Surrogate neutralization assays were performed by testing inhibition of ACE-2 binding to Spike. In 3 patients (2 severe and 1 moderate case), serum antibodies and T-cell memory were monitored 6 months after baseline. Although IgM response tended to appear first, patients affected by less severe disease were more prone to an early IgG/IgA response. Neutralization of Spike binding to ACE2 correlated with anti-Spike IgG and IgA. IgG and IgA antibody response persisted at the 6 months follow-up. A recall T-cell response to the Spike antigen was observed in 2 out of 3 patients, not related to disease severity.Nonspecific adsorption has been a consistent challenge in the analysis of oligonucleotides. Nonspecific adsorption is a result of interactions between charged acidic analytes and adsorption sites present in metallic surfaces located in the fluidic path of chromatography systems. Due to their high surface area, adsorption to column frits is especially concerning. Poor peak shape, low recovery and compromised LOQ have been associated with this phenomenon. Alternative methods including substitution of stainless steel for different hardware materials and mobile phase additives have been explored in an attempt to minimize this issue. Chemical modification of metal surfaces using hybrid surface technology (HST) by-passes the limitation of stainless steel construction material by forming a hybrid organic/inorganic layer that acts as a barrier and limits nonspecific interactions. In this study we explore the implications of this new technology in sensitive analysis and determination of relative impurity levels of oligonucleotides. Higher relative impurity levels and better reproducibility were obtained with columns using HST.

There is a high prevalence of anaemia in individuals living in rural India, which may be modified by a number of environmental factors. The association between access to water, toileting facilities and healthcare services with the prevalence of anaemia was explored to determine potentially modifiable community-level risk factors.

This was a cross-sectional survey.

Data were collected from adolescent females (aged 13-17 years) living in 34 villages in rural areas of the Maharashtra state of India on measures of sanitation facilities and access to health care along with haemoglobin measurements. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate associations between environmental (community) factors and adolescent haemoglobin levels and anaemia, respectively.

Data were available from 1010 individuals, which represented a response rate of over 97% of those who were approached for the study. The prevalence of anaemia was very high (87%) when measured using haemoglobin levels. Access to a piped water supply was associated with 0.59g/dL of increase in haemoglobin levels (95% confidence interval 0.10-1.09). Associations between access to communal toilets, travel time to the hospital, health centres or nurses and haemoglobin levels or anaemia were not statistically significant.

Anaemia prevalence was very high in our study population. Simple improvements such as provision of regular piped water is associated with an increase in haemoglobin levels in rural Indian females. These are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic exposure to higher levels of microbes in the living environment contributes to the risk of anaemia.

Anaemia prevalence was very high in our study population. Simple improvements such as provision of regular piped water is associated with an increase in haemoglobin levels in rural Indian females. These are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic exposure to higher levels of microbes in the living environment contributes to the risk of anaemia.