Guthriehuber1904

There is a need for research targeting practitioners and employers which will help improve the nature of the collaboration between mental health teams, vocational teams, and employers.Even though abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are both related to atherosclerosis, there could be important differences in risk factors. Based on Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort, the incidence of AAA and CHD was followed prospectively. Cox regression was used to calculate the association of each factor with AAA and CHD and hazards ratio were compared using a modified Lunn-McNeil method; 447 participants developed AAA and 3129 developed CHD. After multivariate adjustments, smoking, antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowing medications, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 (inversely), ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, total leukocyte count, neutrophil count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were associated with the risks of both AAA and CHD. When comparing risk factor profiles for the 2 diseases, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, ApoA1, and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio had stronger associations with risk of AAA than with risk of CHD, while diabetes and unmarried status showed increased risk of CHD, but not of AAA (all P values for equal association less then .01). The results from this big population study confirm that the risk factor profiles for AAA and CHD show not only many similarities but also several important differences.

Information about factors related to better adherence to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor adherence is quite limited.

Forty-six participants with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) without CGM were recruited. The participants' characteristics and diabetes-related quality of life (QOL) were evaluated at baseline and one year after starting to use CGM. Participants wearing the sensor for ≥60% of the time were considered as adherent.

The mean age of the 46 participants was 44.1 ± 15.0 years old and the mean glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.7 ± 1.0%; 60.9% of the participants were classified as adherent. The duration of using CSII was longer in the adherent group, and the degree of diabetic retinopathy was significantly different. There were no significant differences in age, frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose, or Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS-B for behavior, HFS-W for worry) score at baseline between the adherent and nonadherent groups. The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) score at baseline was significantly higher and the total CSII-QOL score at baseline was significantly lower in the adherent group. The usage of dual-wave bolus was significantly increased in the adherent group (34.6%-61.5%,

 = .016), but not in the nonadherent group (33.3%-33.3%,

 > .999). The HbA1c level showed a significant improvement in the adherent group (7.8%-7.3%,

 < .001), but not in the nonadherent group (7.5%-7.2%,

 = .102).

Higher adherence to CGM sensors may be associated with a heavier emotional burden of diabetes and a worse QOL in relation to CSII at baseline.

Higher adherence to CGM sensors may be associated with a heavier emotional burden of diabetes and a worse QOL in relation to CSII at baseline.

Occupational therapists who facilitate work-related transitions after hand injury require robust evidence to inform practice.

To identify the occupational therapist's contribution to facilitate work-related transitions for persons with hand injuries and identify gaps in existing knowledge.

A systematic search was conducted from 2008 to 2018 to identify articles and doctoral theses published across 14 databases. Data was analysed descriptively.

In total, 15 studies from 16 countries (14 high and 2 upper-middle income) were identified. Four strategies to facilitate work-related transitions were identified. Clear differences were evident across country groupings.

The paucity of research limits evidence-based practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which indicates the need for further research.

The paucity of research limits evidence-based practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which indicates the need for further research.As the Vineland Scales are among the most relevant, well-developed, and popular measures of adaptive behavior available for use, this study evaluated the factor structure and dimensionality of the Vineland-3 Comprehensive Interview Form. Drawing data from 2,560 participants in the norming sample, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were completed across two independent samples from four age-groups ranging from preschool-age children to adults. Results from exploratory factor analysis revealed evidence for a unidimensional model across age-groups, but results from confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional models were better fitting than unidimensional models for each age-group. Discussion focuses on whether the Vineland-3 Comprehensive Interview Form is truly a unidimensional or multidimensional measure.Structured diagnostic interviews involve significant respondent burden and clinician administration time. This study examined whether we can maintain diagnostic accuracy using fewer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessment questions. Our study included 1,265 U.S. veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts who were assessed for PTSD using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (SCID-5). We used random forests to assess the importance of each diagnostic item in predicting a SCID-5 PTSD diagnosis. We used variable importance to rank each item and removed the lowest ranking items while maintaining ≥90% accuracy (i.e., efficiency), sensitivity, and other metrics. We eliminated six diagnostic items among the overall sample, four items among male veterans, and six items among female veterans. Our findings demonstrate that we may shorten the SCID-5 PTSD module while maintaining excellent diagnostic performance. These findings have implications for potentially reducing patient and provider burden of PTSD diagnostic assessment.Uniquely in nature, living systems must acquire, store, and act upon information. The survival and replicative fate of each normal cell in a multicellular organism is determined solely by information obtained from its surrounding tissue. In contrast, cancer cells as single-cell eukaryotes live in a disrupted, heterogeneous environment with opportunities and hazards. Thus, cancer cells, unlike normal somatic cells, must constantly obtain information from their environment to ensure survival and proliferation. In this study, we build upon a simple mathematical modeling framework developed to predict (1) how information promotes population persistence in a highly heterogeneous environment and (2) how disruption of information resulting from habitat fragmentation increases the probability of population extinction. Because (1) tumors grow in a highly heterogeneous microenvironment and (2) many cancer therapies fragment tumors into isolated, small cancer cell populations, we identify parallels between these 2 systenities for novel treatment strategies.

To establish the feasibility of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of a specific immunotherapy bacterial lysate OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom

) in reducing the frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

A parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Patients at home, recruited through out-patient contact, social media and patient support groups.

People with a spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis or cauda equina syndrome who had suffered three or more clinically diagnosed urinary tract infections treated with antibiotics over the preceding 12 months.

All participants took one capsule of oral OM-89 immunotherapy (6 mg) or matching Placebo (randomisation ratio 11), once daily in the morning for 3 months.

The primary outcome was occurrence of a symptomatic urinary tract infection treated with an antibiotic, assessed at 3 and 6 months. Feasibility measures included recruitment, retention and practical difficulties.

Of 115 patients screened, 49 were recruited, one withdrew before randomization, and 23 were allocated to the control group receiving matching placebo. Six participants, all in the control group, discontinued the intervention; all participants provided full data at both follow-up times. Over 6 months, 18/25 active group patients had 55 infections, and 18/23 control group patients had 47 infections. Most research and clinical procedures were practical, and acceptable to participants.

It is feasible to undertake a larger trial. We recommend broader inclusion criteria to increase eligibility and generalizability.

It is feasible to undertake a larger trial. We recommend broader inclusion criteria to increase eligibility and generalizability.

Obesity plays a major role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes (T2DM). Increased adipose tissue (AT) is particularly of interest because it activates a chronic inflammatory response in adipocytes and other tissues. AT plays key endocrine and metabolic functions, acting in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Additionally, it can be easily collected during bariatric surgery. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the potential differences in AT metabolism, through comparing the untargeted metabolomic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

For this exploratory study, samples were collected from 17 subjects. Subcutaneous AT (SAT) samples from obese-diabetic (n = 8) and Obese-non-Diabetic (n = 9) subjects were obtained from the Human Metabolic Tissue Bank. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed by Metabolon® Inc. Statistical analysis was performed using the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 platform.

Among the 421 metabolites identified and analyzed there were no significant differences between the Obese-Diabetics and the Obese-non-Diabetics. Small changes were observed by fold change analysis mainly in lipid (n = 12; e.g. NEFAs) and amino acid (n = 8; e.g. Cyclophosphamide BCAAs) metabolic pathways. Dysregulation of these metabolites has been associated with IR and other T2DM-related pathophysiological processes.

Obesity may influence SAT metabolism masking T2DM-dependent dysregulation. Better understanding the metabolic differences within SAT in diabetic populations may help identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of T2DM in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Obesity may influence SAT metabolism masking T2DM-dependent dysregulation. Better understanding the metabolic differences within SAT in diabetic populations may help identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of T2DM in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique capable of portable, quantitative elemental analysis; however, quantitative isotopic determination of samples in situ has not yet been demonstrated. This research demonstrates the ability of LIBS to quantitatively determine concentrations of 6Li in solid samples of lithium hydroxide monohydrate in a nominally 40 mTorr argon environment using chemometrics. Three chemometric analysis techniques (principal component regression, partial least squares regression, and neural networks analysis) are applied to spectra collected using a spectrometer with modest resolving power (λ/Δλ ≈ 27 000). This analysis suggests that bulk lithium isotopic assay can be determined using LIBS to within a 95% confidence interval in minutes to an hour for enrichment levels ranging from 3% to 85%. This has direct applications for the nuclear safeguards and geological exploration communities and others that desire a portable, stable isotope analytical technique. Additionally, isotope-specific self-absorption of atomic emission in a laser-produced plasma is observed for the first time.