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Objective This randomized controlled trial aims to verify the efficacy of a combined fractional CO2 laser and rhodamine-intense pulsed-light (r-IPL) protocol in the photoaging therapy. Background Skin aging is related to multiple environmental and genetic factors that give rise to different manifestations. In recent years many techniques have been proposed for the rejuvenation of the skin of the face such as ablative and nonablative procedures. Combination of laser or light sources with different wavelengths represents a safe and effective treatment method. r-IPL is a new pulsed-light technique capable to generate wavelengths varying from 550 to 650 nm proposed in nonablative photorejuvenation with a good efficacy and safety profile. Methods Twenty-two patients (skin phototypes II-III, aged 46-67 years) were randomly allocated into two groups group A was treated only with a therapeutic standard dose of the fractional CO2 laser, whereas group B was treated with a combined therapy of r-IPL and fractional CO2 laser. All patients were treated up to three times at a 2-month interval. Efficacy of the procedures was assessed thanks to the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Severity Scale (scores 1-9) before treatment and at a 4-month follow-up from the last treatment. Results Patients treated with the combination of r-IPL and fractional CO2 laser showed better results in terms of wrinkle reduction according to the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Severity score (2.82 ± 0.87 vs. 3.09 ± 1.14), with a statistically significant reduction in healing times (7.82 ± 0.75 vs. 13.82 ± 1.94 days, p ≤ 0.001) and duration of post-treatment erythema (3.55 ± 0.93 vs. link= learn more 8.18 ± 1.47 days, p ≤ 0.001). Patient satisfaction was higher after combined fractional CO2 laser and r-IPL treatment. learn more Conclusions Our data suggest that combined use of fractional CO2 laser and r-IPL may lead to excellent results in terms of skin rejuvenation with a simple post-treatment management and an optimal tolerability.Cervical cancer is a leading cause of high mortality in women in developing countries and has a serious impact on women's health. Human papilloma virus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines have been produced and may hold promise for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the limitations of current HPV vaccine strategies make the development of HPV therapeutic vaccines particularly important for the treatment of HPV related lesions. Our previous work has demonstrated that LM4ΔhlyE7 was safe and effective in inducing antitumor effect by antigen-specific cellular immune responses and direct killing of tumor cell on a cervical cancer model. In this study, the codon usage effect of a novel Listeria-based cervical cancer vaccine LM4ΔhlyE7-1, was evaluated for effects of codon-optimized E7 expression, cellular immune response and therapeutic efficacy in a tumor-bearing murine model. link2 Our data demonstrated that up-regulated expression of E7 was strikingly elevated by codon usage optimization, and thus induced significantly higher Th1-biased immunity, lymphocyte proliferation, and strong specific CTL activity ex-vivo compared with LM4ΔhlyE7-treated mice. Furthermore, LM4ΔhlyE7-1 enhanced a remarkable therapeutic effect in establishing tumors. Taken together, our results suggest that codon usage optimization is an important consideration in constructing live bacterial-vectored vaccines and is required for promoting effective T cell responses.Background The aim of this study was to compare the effects of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) accompanied by resistance exercises on extremity circumference, lymphedema volume, grip strength, functional status, and quality of life in the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) in patients with and without pain. Methods and Results Fifty patients with unilateral BCRL were divided into groups with pain (Group 1, n = 25) and without pain (Group 2, n = 25). Thirty minutes of manual lymphatic drainage and multilayered short-stretch bandaging were applied to all patients five times a week for 4 weeks. In addition, all patients were informed about skin care and given a supervised resistance exercise program throughout the treatment. During the 1-month follow-up period, patients were asked to use low-tension elastic garments and to continue their home exercise program. Differences in upper extremity circumference and volume; grip strength; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast scores were evaluated at baseline, after treatment (week 4), and at 1-month follow-up. Moreover, the pain intensity of patients in Group 1 was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). Patients in both Group 1 and Group 2 showed a statistical improvement in all outcome measures after treatment and at follow-up (p  0.05). In Group 1, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the VAS score both at the end of treatment (-1.7 ± 0.9) and at 1-month follow-up (-3.5 ± 1.2) (p  less then  0.05). Conclusion Combined CDT and resistance exercises appear to be effective in BCRL patients both with and without pain.University students are a vulnerable group for poor dietary intake, insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on university students' dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Participants were students (n = 125) from the Universities of Saskatchewan and Regina. An online questionnaire was administered retrospectively (for prepandemic) and prospectively (during the pandemic) to examine students' dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Overall, nutrient and caloric intakes were significantly reduced (p less then 0.05) during the pandemic, and alcohol intake increased (p = 0.03). Before the pandemic, 16% and 54% of the participants were meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults (18-64 years) of 150 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity and 8 h or less of sedentary activity, respectively. Only 10% met the guidelines for physical activity while 30% met the guidelines for sedentary behaviour during the pandemic. The minutes per week spent engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity during the pandemic decreased by approximately 20% (p less then 0.001). The hours spent in sedentary activities increased by 3 h per day (p less then 0.001). Our findings confirm that during the pandemic, students' inadequate dietary intake, high alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and high sedentary behaviour were significantly compounded. Novelty During COVID-19, the nutrient and caloric intakes of university students decreased, and alcohol intake increased significantly. University students' physical activity levels decreased, and sedentary activity increased significantly during COVID-19. During COVID-19 students did not engage in sufficient physical activity to offset the increased sedentary behaviour.The history of research in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities has been marked by unethical practices, resulting in mistrust and reluctance to participate in research. learn more Harms are not limited to individual persons-tribal communities experience harmful misrepresentation and generalizations disrespectful of AI/AN groups' heritage, cultures, and beliefs. link2 The Belmont Report's research ethics principles are applied primarily to protect individual research participants. link3 The principles of sovereignty and solidarity are argued to be important concepts in extending Belmont's research protections to tribal communities. Sovereignty, an expression of respect for autonomy at a group level, is the basis for tribal self-determination. The principle of solidarity provides an ethical underpinning for tribes' obligations to protect community interests and culture. Extension of Belmont through these principles should serve to minimize harms to AI/AN groups in research.Carrageenan oligosaccharide (CAO), the hydrolysate of carrageenan from marine red algae, is used as a prebiotic additive or medical material. In this study, male Drosophila melanogaster was used as an animal model to explore the possibility that CAO can extend the life span through its relationship with antioxidation, immunity, and gut microbiota in vivo. The results show that a certain amount of CAO effectively prolonged the average life span and improved the climbing vitality and fecundity of male Drosophila. In addition, 0.125% CAO in the diet significantly increased the activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and significantly repressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene in old male Drosophila tissues. In the intestinal microbiota analysis, 0.125% CAO in the diet increased the diversity of gut microbiota and improved the abundance of Commensalibacter at the genus level in Drosophila on the 40th day. The above results indicated that CAO supplementation could extend the life span of male Drosophila by improving antioxidant activity, immunity, and by regulating intestinal microflora.Korean red pine needle (RPN) exhibits various biological and pharmacological activities. Among the various compounds of RPN, we isolated dehydroabietic and 4-epi-trans-communic acid. At first, we confirmed that two compounds inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and induced p-Akt in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). RPN extract powder significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) through the reduced expression of ACE and angiotensin type I receptors in the lungs of SHRs. The Lineweaver-Burk plots suggested that the two compounds were noncompetitive inhibitors of ACE. Using docking analysis, we found that two compounds showed the best returned pose at ACE active sites, and formed hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds with ACE residues. link3 These results demonstrate that RPNs may be a source of compounds effective for preventing hypertension and may be useful in the development of antihypertensive drugs.Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of HU00701 (0.01% cyclosporin A + 3% trehalose), HU007 (0.02% cyclosporin A + 3% trehalose) (all w/v), and placebo in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED). Methods This was a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel, placebo-controlled phase II study. In total, 114 patients were randomly assigned to the HU00701, HU007, placebo, or reference group. There was a 2-week run-in period before the 12-week intervention. Efficacy and safety were evaluated every 4 weeks. Results The primary endpoint, change in corneal staining score from baseline to week 12, did not differ significantly among the control, HU00701, and HU007 groups in the full analysis. Of the secondary endpoints, only the tear film breakup time differed significantly at week 12 between the placebo and HU00701 groups. Twenty adverse events were reported by 15 patients, but the rate did not differ significantly among the 4 groups. The laboratory test, vital signs, and physical examination data showed no significant changes during the study. Conclusions HU00701 and HU007 are safe, and HU007 effectively reduces the corneal staining score in patients with moderate-to-severe DED (NCT02917512).