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itself. The latter can be mitigated by aerobic exercise training.

We evaluated the impact of anthracyclines on left ventricular function and myocardial tissue characteristics using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to determine their relationship with V˙O2peak.

Women with breast cancer who had not yet received treatment (No-AT, n = 16) and had received anthracycline treatment ~1 yr earlier (Post-AT, n = 16) and controls without cancer (CON, n = 16) performed a maximal exercise test and a comprehensive 3T CMR examination, including native myocardial T1 mapping, where elevated T1 times are indicative of myocardial fibrosis. ANOVA and linear regression were used to compare CMR variables between groups and to determine associations with V˙O2peak. Subgroup analysis was performed by categorizing participants as "fit" or "unfit" based on whether their V˙O2peak value was greater or less than 100% of reference value for age, respectively.

Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, and mass were similar between groups. ZX703 ic50 Post-AT, T1 times were elevated (1534 ± 32 vs 1503 ± 28 ms, P < 0.01), and V˙O2peak was reduced (23.1 ± 7.5 vs 29.5 ± 7.7 mL·kg-1⋅min-1, P = 0.02) compared with CON. In No-AT, T1 times and V˙O2peak were similar to CON. In the Post-AT group, T1 time was associated with V˙O2peak (R2 = 64%), whereas in the absence of anthracyclines (i.e., No-AT and CON groups), T1 time was not associated with V˙O2peak. Regardless of group, all fit women had similar T1 times, whereas unfit women Post-AT had higher T1 than unfit CON (1546 ± 22 vs 1500 ± 33 ms, P < 0.01).

After anthracycline chemotherapy, an elevated T1 time suggesting greater extent of myocardial fibrosis, was associated with lower V˙O2peak. However, those who were fit did not have evidence of myocardial fibrosis after anthracycline treatment.

After anthracycline chemotherapy, an elevated T1 time suggesting greater extent of myocardial fibrosis, was associated with lower V˙O2peak. However, those who were fit did not have evidence of myocardial fibrosis after anthracycline treatment.

Ketamine has been used for decades for a variety of indications. Beyond the historical benefits and effects of ketamine, newer developments have occurred worthy of an update. This review will discuss common uses and indications for ketamine in the perioperative setting, as well as highlight newer indications in recent years.

Multiple studies have examined the use of ketamine in a variety of environments, as ketamine has become more popular in emergency rooms and ICUs. Ketamine may be particularly beneficial in management of burn patients, who often require multiple procedures over the course of their treatment. Ketamine's role in the ongoing opioid crisis has been of particular interest, with multiple studies evaluating its potential role in managing both acute and chronic pain conditions. Ongoing studies examining the role of ketamine in treatment of depressions show promise as well.

Ketamine is regaining popularity in the field of anesthesia and beyond. New studies provide insight on the many indications and use that anesthesia providers may encounter during their perioperative care of patients. Ongoing research is needed to further elucidate ketamine's effects on the management of psychiatric conditions and potential indications for ketamine metabolites.

Ketamine is regaining popularity in the field of anesthesia and beyond. New studies provide insight on the many indications and use that anesthesia providers may encounter during their perioperative care of patients. Ongoing research is needed to further elucidate ketamine's effects on the management of psychiatric conditions and potential indications for ketamine metabolites.

The current systematic review summarizes recent, basic clinical achievements regarding the neuroprotective effects of molecular hydrogen in distinct central nervous system conditions.

Perioperative neuroprotection remains a major topic of clinical anesthesia. Various gaseous molecules have previously been explored as a feasible therapeutic option in neurological disorders. Among them, molecular hydrogen, which has emerged as a novel and potential therapy for perioperative neuroprotection, has received much attention.

Fundamental and clinical evidence supports the antioxidant, antiinflammation, antiapoptosis and mitochondrial protective effects of hydrogen in the pathophysiology of nervous system diseases. The clinically preventive and therapeutic effects of hydrogen on different neural diseases, however, remain uncertain, and the lack of support by large randomized controlled trials has delayed its clinical application.

Fundamental and clinical evidence supports the antioxidant, antiinflammation, antiapoptosis and mitochondrial protective effects of hydrogen in the pathophysiology of nervous system diseases. The clinically preventive and therapeutic effects of hydrogen on different neural diseases, however, remain uncertain, and the lack of support by large randomized controlled trials has delayed its clinical application.

There has been increasing attention to wrong site medical procedures over the last 20 years. This review aims to provide a summary of the current understanding and recommendations for the prevention of wrong-site nerve blocks (WSNB).

Various procedural, patient, practitioner, and organizational factors have been associated with the risk of WSNB. Recent findings have suggested that the use of a checklist is likely to reduce the incidence of WSNB. However, despite the widespread use of preprocedural checklists, WSNB continue to occur at significant frequency. This may be due to the inability of practitioners and teams to implement checklists correctly or the cognitive errors that prevent checklists from being executed as designed.

Though the evidence is limited, it is recommended that a combination of multiple strategies should be employed to prevent WSNB. These include the use of preprocedural markings, well constructed checklists, time-out/stop-moments, and cognitive/physical aids. Effective implementation requires team education and engagement that empowers all team members to speak up as part of a culture of safety.