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ORX-A neurons colocalizing with pERK were significantly higher in PND15-16 HFD pups compared to CD pups, and leptin-induced increase in pERK signaling was only observed in CD pups. There was no significant effect of leptin on pERK in HFD pups. These results suggest that perinatal maternal high fat feeding increases hypothalamic projections to the ORX-A field of the LHA, increases basal activation of ORX-A neurons and direct responsiveness of LHA neurons to leptin. Since these various LHA neuronal populations project quite heavily to Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area, they might participate in the early dietary programming of mesocorticolimbic reward circuits and food intake. Copyright © 2020 Kelley, Verlezza, Long, Loka and Walker.Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is an autosomal neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by progressive ataxia in the patient's gait, accompanied by slurred speech and abnormal eye movements. These symptoms are linked to the loss of Purkinje cells (PCs), which leads to cerebellar neurodegeneration. PC observations link the mutations in PRKCG gene encoding protein kinase C γ (PKCγ) to SCA14. Observations also show that the link between PKCγ and SCA14 relies on a gain-of-function mechanism, and, in fact, both positive and negative regulation of PKCγ expression and activity may result in changes in cellular number, size, and complexity of the dendritic arbors in PCs. Here, through a systems biology approach, we investigate a key question relating to this system why is PKCγ membrane residence time reduced in SCA14 mutant PCs compared to wild-type (WT) PCs? In this study, we investigate this question through two contrasting PKCγ signaling models in PCs. The first model proposed in this study descrion of DGKγ while it is still residing in the cytosol. This effect occurs even during the resting conditions. Thus, the SCA14 mutant model explains that, when both DAG effector molecules are active in the cytosol, their interactions in the membrane compartment are reduced, critically influencing PKCγ membrane residence time. Copyright © 2020 Aslam and Alvi.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fnins.2019.00394.]. Copyright © 2020 Kennedy, Pappan, Donti, Delgado, Shinawi, Pearson, Lalani, Craigen, Sutton, Evans, Sun, Emrick and Elsea.Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled magnitude of birth asphyxia and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods The databases, including PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and other relevant sources, were used to search relevant articles. Both published and unpublished studies, written in English and carried out in Ethiopia, were included in the study. Quality of evidence was assessed by the relevant of the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RevMan v5.3 statistical software was used to undertake the meta-analysis using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q test, and I2 statistics was considered to assess its level. The outcome was measured using a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The pooled prevalence of birth asphyxia was 22.8% (95% CI 13-36.8%]. Illiterate mothers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]; 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.67), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (AOR; 3.43, 95% CI 1.74-6.77), cesarean section (AOR; 3.66, 95% CI 1.35e identified determinants. Copyright © International Journal of Health Sciences.Background Caloric restriction (CR) can help in improving heart function. There is as yet no consensus on the mechanism of the effect of CR. Silent mating-type information regulation 1 (SIRT1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mTOR are key players in metabolic stress management. We aimed to explore the effect of CR on the myocardial SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway in mice. Methods Thirty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups normal control group (NC group, n = 12), high-energy group (HE group, n = 12) and CR group (n = 12) according to different diets. After 11 months, western blot was used to examine proteins such as p-AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), SIRT1, and p-mTOR, whereas real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 transcripts. Results Compared to the HE group, the CR group displayed increased expression of myocardial p-AMPK protein, SIRT1 protein and mRNA, and PGC-1a mRNA. However, no difference was observed in the expression of p-mTOR protein and mTOR mRNA in the myocardium among the three groups. Conclusions CR improves the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in mice myocardium with no effect on the mTOR pathway. © 2020 Lina Ma et al.Introduction According to the Global Burden of Disease project, unhealthy diet accounts for most of the disease burden in Norway. Current recommendations on nutrient intake in Norway reflect those published in the evidence-based Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from 2012 (NNR2012). Aim To study energy and nutrient intakes and compliance with the NNR2012 among women and men in a population-based study. Methods A total of 15,146 participants (aged 40-99 years) completed a validated food frequency questionnaire (261 questions on food items, meals, and beverages) in the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study in 2015-16; 11,425 participants were eligible for the current analysis. Nutrient intake was estimated by a food and nutrient calculation system at the University of Oslo, Norway. We compared energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes with the NNR2012. Results In total, 85% of the women and men were not in compliance with the maximum recommended intake of saturated fat, and 40 and 77% of women and men, respectively, were not in compliance with the lowest recommended intake of fiber. More than 30% of women and 25% of men had a relatively high probability of inadequate intake of vitamin D, and more than 10% of the men had a relatively high probability of inadequate intake of vitamin B6 and vitamin C. More than 20% of women and men had a high probability of excessive intake of niacin, and almost 40% of women had a high probability of excessive intake of vitamin A. Conclusion Although most participants were in compliance with NNR2012, a large proportion of participants had higher intakes than maximum recommended for saturated fat, and lower than recommended for fiber and vitamin D. © 2019 Marie W. Lundblad et al.Objectives To introduce a modified rotational atherectomy (RA) procedure and investigate the early and midterm outcomes of the RA-facilitating diversified percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a large group of aged patients with higher cardiovascular risk. Background Previous studies about the outcomes of RA were limited with small sample size and low-risk population. Methods Between January 2013 and November 2015, 1169 consecutive patients treated with modified RA-facilitated PCI were retrospectively enrolled, including de novo calcified lesions and in-stent restenosis. Patients were regularly followed up for at least 1 year. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed for all participants by different strategies. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the events. Results The median age of patients was 75 years, with 11.7% of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Most lesions (99.9%) were complex (American Heart Association type B2/C), and 68.3% were treated with RA + drug-eluting-stent (DES). Successful angiography was achieved in 97.8% cases, with 1.7% (20/1169) experiencing coronary perforation (including guidewire perforation). The incidence of MACE was 20.5% and 26.8% at 1-year and 2-year follow-up and were mainly driven by target lesion revascularization (TLR) (10.3% and 12.5%, respectively). The strategy of RA + DES had the lowest 2-year MACE, compared with the RA + drug-coated balloon and RA + plain old balloon angioplasty (14.5%, 30.5%, and 26.0%, respectively). Conclusions The modified RA technique is a safe and effective tool in the contemporary PCI era, even in high-risk patients. The TLR rate was relatively high but acceptable in such complex lesions. Copyright © 2020 Haojian Dong et al.Introduction The most effective way to prevent thalassemia is to screen for the disease at the population level and then to evaluate the molecularity of individuals. Considering the importance of minor β-thalassemia and its high prevalence in societies. Aim to investigate the incidence of minor β-thalassemia among Individuals participated in Premarital Screening Program in Ardabil province North-west of Iran. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 39620 individuals participated in the national screening program for Minor β-Thalassemia. Of them 1925 cases had mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 3.5 and defined as Minor β-Thalassemia. The total incidence of minor β-thalassemia among all participated people was 2.4%. Of thalassemia cases 48.4% were women and 51.6% were men. Kenpaullone nmr Of all β-thalassemia cases, 49.5% live in Ardabil city and rest of them live in other cities. Conclusion Results showed that the prevalence of minor β-thalassemia in Ardabil province was lower than country average rate and a study should be done in future for exact estimation of the disease. © 2019 Afshin Fathi, Firouz Amani, Nahaleh Mazhari.Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. 2.6% of global blindness can be attributed to diabetes. Disease severity was most often classified by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification for DR severity. Patients are usually categorized based on the severity of DR as having mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Aim To evaluate DR status among patients at Eye Clinic Svjetlost Sarajevo , both, type 1 and type 2 DM patients who presented in our clinic at 2 years period - from June 2016 to June 2018. This is single center study. Methods Retrospective analysis of 753 diabetic patients that came for the first check up in our institution during those two years, 363 patients were male and 390 were female. Patients were divided in 3 groups (based on DR changes) a) No changes, b) or. There is a big need for early DR screening measures, good prevention and management of DR risk factors. Adequate and ON TIME management of DM and its vision threatening complications is of major importance. © 2019 Ajla Pidro, Melisa Ahmedbegovic-Pjano, Senad Grisevic, Vernesa Sofic-Drino, Kresimir Gabric, Alma Biscevic.Introduction Gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) is known as perforation and necrosis of the gallbladder wall caused by ischemia ensuing to vascular insufficiency. Gangrenous cholecystitis is associated with a high risk of morbidity. Aim With a percentage of patients needing emergent help, our objective is to determine the risk factor of GC in KAUH. Methods Retrospective review of 334 patients who underwent cholecystectomy during 2016 to 2018 In king Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAUH). The data was gained from the medical record of KAUH. The variables are defined as follows age, gender, AST, ALT, WBC, DM, bilirubin and stone. In order to determine the risk factors that influence (GC). the data entry done by using Google forms while the analysis was done by using SPSS version 21. Results Of 334 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, 57 patient (17.1%) had histologically confirmed gangrenous cholecystitis. Most of them female, 13 variables were identified that were associated with GC by univariate analysis age 46.