Guldborgvester7641

disability in older adults.

Frailty phenotype has been extensively modified. Among the five criteria, the low physical activity (PA) is often changed, however, it is still uncertain how this modification might impact frailty classification.

To examine the variance in the prevalence of frailty by modifying PA criterion using different cut-points of both subjective and objective measures, and to determine the agreement between these on classifying individuals with low PA. Finally, a surrogate PA criterion of frailty phenotype was proposed using objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

This cross-sectional study comprised a convenience sample of 135 community-dwelling older adults. Frailty was evaluated using a modified frailty phenotype. PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and objectively measured using a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Four different low PA criteria were created and compared (population dependent and independent cut-points) using sub.Background Ageing-related muscle atrophy does not occur uniformly across the body; rather, atrophy occurs to a greater extent in specific muscle groups compared to others. However, site-specific comparisons of muscle mass between older and younger adults typically do not account for relative muscle mass (i.e., matched for age- and sex-specific percentiles), which may confound site-specific differences. Furthermore, the uniformity of ageing-related differences in muscle composition (e.g., intramuscular adipose tissue) across the body are not well characterized. Purpose To examine site-specific muscle mass and composition differences between younger and older males matched for relative muscle mass. Methods Younger (18-44 years old, n = 19) and older (≥65 years old, n = 19) males were matched for relative appendicular lean tissue index (NHANES age- and sex-specific Z-scores) measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Site-specific differences in skeletal muscle size (thickness) and composition (echo-intensity) were evaluated using ultrasound for 8 distinct landmarks across the body. Results Relative appendicular lean tissue mass was well matched between younger and older males (Z-score difference -0.02, p = 0.927). Compared with younger males, older males had smaller muscle thickness for the anterior upper leg (difference -1.08 cm, p less then 0.001) and anterior abdomen (difference -0.53 cm, p less then 0.001). However, older adults displayed higher echo intensity across all muscles (p less then 0.05), except for the posterior upper arm (p = 0.377), in comparison to the younger males. Conclusions When matched for relative appendicular lean tissue, muscle thickness differences between younger and older males are not-uniform across the body, whereas echo intensity was more uniformly higher in the older males.

Justice-involved youth report high rates of substance use and related problems that are associated with treatment needs; however, data on screening and linkage to treatment within the justice system is lacking. To further inform the juvenile justice behavioral health cascade of care, this study examined factors associated with identified problematic substance use and treatment referral using two screening tools.

As part of a family court intake process, 348 justice-involved youth received two screening measures, the MAYSI-2 alcohol/drug use subscale and the CRAFFT. Both tools are designed to indicate early warning signs of substance use problems and signal referral for further clinical evaluation or treatment. Chart review analysis examined whether demographic variables (sex & race), severity of use, and type of substance used were associated with positive screens on either or both measures and subsequent treatment referral.

Half (51.2%) of youth were identified as having problematic substance use (cale. Regardless of tool used, treatment referral was low, highlighting the need for accurate identification of treatment needs of substance-using, justice-involved youth. Interventions to facilitate referrals for youth with problematic substance use are needed.

Preseason functional tests have been previously associated with noncontact time-loss lower extremity injuries in a variety of athletic populations. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of one or more functional tests to discriminate injury risk in a cohort of female collegiate volleyball players in the United States.

Prospective cohort study.

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II & III, National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics female volleyball players; PARTICIPANTS 130 female volleyball players (mean age 19.31±1.1 years).

Lower extremity functional test, single limb hop for distance, standing long jump, previous injury history, lower quarter Y-balance test, and limb symmetry index were measured prior to the season beginning. Noncontact time-loss lower quarter injuries were tracked during the season.

Athletes with suboptimal scores on the single limb hop test (<70% of height) and standing long jump (<80% of height), combined with a previous history of injury, were three times more likely to sustain an injury during the season (OR=3.0; 95% CI 1.09 to 8.30). Individual functional tests did not discriminate injury risk.

A battery of preseason functional tests and injury history discriminates injury risk in female collegiate volleyball players.

A battery of preseason functional tests and injury history discriminates injury risk in female collegiate volleyball players.Bayesian inference has recently been identified as an approach for estimating a subjects' pose from noisy marker position data. Previous research suggests that Bayesian inference markedly reduces error for inverse kinematic problems relative to traditional least-squares approaches with estimators having reduced variance despite both least-squares and Bayesian estimators being unbiased. Crenolanib price This result is surprising as Bayesian estimators are typically similar to least-squares approaches unless highly informative prior distributions are used. As a result the purpose of this work was to examine the sensitivity of Bayesian inverse kinematics solutions to the prior distribution. Our results highlight that Bayesian solutions to inverse kinematics are sensitive to the choice of prior and that the previously reported superior performance of Bayesian inference is likely due to an overly informative prior distribution which unrealistically uses knowledge of the true kinematic pose. When more realistic, 'weakly-informative' priors, which do not use the known kinematic pose are used then any improvements in estimator accuracy are minimal when compared to the traditional least squares approach.