Guerrahoumann3794

Asthma and allergic diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that arise as a result of excessive responses of the immune system against intrinsically harmless environmental substances. It is well known that substantial joint characteristics exist between the immune and nervous systems. The semaphorins (Semas) were initially characterized as axon-guidance molecules that play a crucial role during the development of the nervous system. However, increasing evidence indicates that a subset of Semas, termed "immune Semas", acting through their cognate receptors, namely, plexins (Plxns), and neuropilins (Nrps), also contributes to both physiological and pathological responses of the immune system. Notably, immune Semas exert critical roles in regulating a broad spectrum of biological processes, including immune cell-cell interactions, activation, differentiation, cell migration and mobility, angiogenesis, tumor progression, as well as inflammatory responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that the modification in the signaling of immune Semas could lead to various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, ranging from cancer to autoimmunity and allergies. This review summarizes the recent evidence regarding the role of immune Semas in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases and discusses their therapeutic potential for treating these diseases.Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an effective chemical component isolated from Chinese herb Carthamus tinctorius L. In present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of HSYA on D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced aging in mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and HSYA for 8 weeks. The body weight gain, spleen and thymus coefficients were determined. Levels of super dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver were measured using commercial kits. Pathological changes and the SA-β-Gal activity in liver tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and SA-β-Gal staining. The expression levels of p16, CDK4, CDK6 and phosphorylation levels of Retinoblastoma (Rb) were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. mRNA levels of genes regulated by p16-Rb pathway were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In vivo, HSYA improved the aging changes including body weight, organ index and antioxidant status such as activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MDA in D-gal treated aging mice. HSYA also dramatically attenuated pathologic changes of aging liver tissues induced by D-gal. Furthermore, HSYA significantly decreased the mRNA and protein level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, followed by increasing CDK4/6 protein expression and decreasing the phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma (pRb) which up-regulated the expression of downstream genes CCNE1, CCNA2, P107 and MCM4. Collectively, these data indicated that HSYA could ameliorate aging, especially hepatic replicative senescence resulting from D-gal, the mechanism could be associated with the suppression of p16-Rb pathway.Objectives To determine, In children born preterm, the association of mechanical ventilation duration with brainstem development, white matter maturation, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at preschool age. Study design This prospective cohort study included 144 neonates born at less then 30 weeks' gestation (75 males, mean gestational age 27.1 weeks, SD 1.6) with regional brainstem volumes automatically segmented on MRI at term-equivalent age (TEA). The white matter maturation was assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 4.5 years of age using the Movement-ABC2 (M-ABC2), and the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence, 4th Ed., full-scale IQ. VEGFR inhibitor The association between the duration of mechanical ventilation and brainstem development was validated in an independent cohort of children born very preterm. Results Each additional day of mechanical ventilation predicted lower motor scores (0.5 point decrease in the M-ABC2 score by day of mechanical ventilation, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.3, P less then .0001). Prolonged exposure to mechanical ventilation was associated with smaller pons and medulla volumes at TEA in 2 independent cohorts, along with widespread abnormalities in white matter maturation. Pons and medulla volumes at TEA predicted motor outcomes at 4.5 years of age. Conclusions In very preterm neonates, prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with impaired brainstem development, abnormal white matter maturation, and lower motor scores at preschool age. Further research is needed to better understand the neural pathological mechanisms involved.Objective To report the epidemiologic characteristics, treatments, and cardiac complications of KD, using data from the nationwide survey in Japan. Study design The nationwide KD survey in Japan has been conducted biennially since 1970. The most recent survey was completed in 2019, obtaining information for patients who developed KD during 2017-2018. Survey respondents were hospitals specializing in pediatrics and those with ≥100 beds and a pediatric department throughout Japan, where patients with Kawasaki disease were eventually hospitalized. Results The survey identified 32528 patients with Kawasaki disease, which consisted of 15164 (46.6%) in 2017 and 17364 (53.4%) in 2018. The highest annual incidence rate was recorded in 2018 (359 per 100,000 children aged 0-4 years). After 1982, patients with ≤4 principal KD signs gradually increased, resulting in 6847 (21.1%) patients diagnosed during 2017-2018. Among 30784 patients receiving initial intravenous immunoglobulin administration, 6061 (19.7%) did not respond. Within 30 days of KD onset, 9.0% of patients were diagnosed with cardiac complications, and consequently, 2.6% of patients developed cardiac sequelae after the acute illness. Conclusions The annual number of patients developing KD in Japan increased from 1970 through 2018, while the proportion of patients with Kawasaki disease with cardiac complications decreased in the most recent two decades. Early diagnosis of KD as well as advances in initial treatments could explain these findings.