Grothkusk1806

05) in the treated rats, mostly in those submitted to 21 day-treatments; the ovary showed marked degeneration of the theca cells, granulosa and corpus luteum, and loss of mucin granules in the uterine tissues. Carica papaya administered for 7 and 21 days caused the animals to have more proestrus and diestrus phases as compared to the control animals. The estrous cycle became irregular, with prolonged diestrous and proestrus phase. Conclusion Conclusion The aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds caused antifertility, anti-implantation, by a reduction in progesterone level, disruption of oestrus pattern and histological alteration of utero-ovarian tissue.Y chromosome anomalies are closely associated with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a major etiology in male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and Y chromosome microdeletions are some of the well-identified genetic defects in this regard, while Y chromosome aneuploidies have been reported to be susceptive. We report the rare case of a patient presenting with three complex genetic defects mosaic Y chromosome aneuploidy; loss of the heterochromatin region in the q arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh-); and azoospermia factor C subregion (AZFc) microdeletion. The patient reported he had been subfertile for five years. Semen analysis confirmed total azoospermia along with an unaffected hormonal profile for serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin levels. Since the microdeletion analysis of azoospermia factor (AZF) region revealed the presence of three microdeletions in the AZFc region, the patient was offered intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) upon the retrieval of sperm by testicular sperm extraction (TESE) as the best possible assisted reproductive treatment (ART) option. It was further suggested to carry out pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) in order to facilitate the transfer of only female embryos, thus preventing the dissemination of Y chromosomal anomalies.Platinum(II) complexes of the type [Pt(Cl)(PPh3 )(κ2 -N,O)-(1C(R)=N(OH)-2(O)C6 H4 )] with R=Me, H, (1 and 2) were synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the proposed (SP4-3) configuration for 1. Study of the antiproliferative activity, performed on a panel of human tumor cell lines and on mesothelial cells, highlighted complex 2 as the more effective. In particular, it showed a remarkable cytotoxicity in ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780) and interestingly, a significant antiproliferative effect on cisplatin resistant cells (A2780cis). Investigation into the intracellular mechanism of action demonstrated that 2 had a lower ability to platinate DNA than did cisplatin, which was taken as reference, and a notably higher uptake in resistant cells. A significant accumulation in mitochondria, along with the ability to induce concentration-dependent mitochondrial membrane depolarization and intracellular reactive oxygen species production, allowed us to propose a mitochondrion-mediated pathway as responsible for the interesting cytotoxic profile of complex 2.Background The origin of tinnitus has been attributed to a peripheral auditory lesion, inducing bottom-up changes and resulting in the perception of a 'phantom sound'. selleck kinase inhibitor However, non-auditory factors can co-exist as well, and can even lie at the origin of tinnitus development. An increasing body of literature focuses on psychological, (neuro)muscular, cardiovascular and many other influences and their respective associations with tinnitus prevalence. Objective of review The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of these non-otologic risk factors, and to summarize the evidence in literature about their link with tinnitus. Type of review A narrative systematic review was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Search strategy The MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for eligible articles, supplemented with manual search methods and grey literature search.Epidemiological studies reporting on the relationship between various non-otologic risk factors and tinnitus were included. Evaluation method Quality assessment was performed using the Hoy & Brooks tool. Results Fifty-five studies were included. Studies were of variable quality, with poor tinnitus definitions and evaluations or questionable sampling of the study population as main contributing factors for high risk of bias. Multiple associated factors have been identified, including cardiovascular, psychological, neurological, musculoskeletal, and dietary factors. Conclusions The current literature review identified multiple risk factors that could be of significant importance for tinnitus development, maintenance or aggravation.Whilecausality remains uncertain, this systematic elaboration of possible tinnitus comorbidities/risk factors can help provide direction for future research, and can direct clinicians to identify patients at risk and treat relevant symptoms accordingly.While classical breeding traits have focussed on above-ground tissues, it is becoming clear that underground aspects of plant life are a hidden treasure of tools applicable for resilient crop production. Plants of the legume family develop specialized organs, called nodules, which serve as hosts for Rhizobium bacteroids. A highly specialized symbiotic relationship exists deep inside the nodules. In exchange for carbohydrates, host-specific rhizobia bacteroids can assimilate nitrogen from the air and fix it into a form that can be used by plants in a process known as biological nitrogen fixation. While we understand certain aspects of how this inter-species relationship is established, the exact biochemistry of this exchange remains dogmatic. In their recent work, Christen and colleagues (Flores-Tinoco et al, 2020) challenge the current model of nitrogen exchange and argue that that an expanded model is needed to fit experimental findings related to nitrogen fixation. The authors perform an elegant set of experiments and highlight that rather than a single-way flow of nitrogen, the N-fixing process is in fact an elaborate metabolic exchange between the nodule-dwelling bacteroids and the host plant. Importantly, this work provides an updated theoretical framework with the "catchy" name CATCH-N which delivers up to 25% higher yields of nitrogen than classical models and is suitable for rational bioengineering and optimization of nitrogen fixation in microorganisms.