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After further stimulation with higher concentrations of 2-NP (above 100 mg/L), 4-NP (above 50 mg/L), and 2,4-DNP (above 10 mg/L), the inhibitory effect of nitrophenols on bacterial metabolism evidently increased. However, the EPS production sharply reduced, particularly with respect to protein production. Parallel factor analysis for TB-EPS and LB-EPS further confirmed that the major proteins were tyrosine, tryptophan, and aromatic proteins. Thus, this study provides new insights into the inhibitory effects of mixed nitrophenols, which are frequently found in pharmaceutical and petrochemical effluents.This study highlights the potential of pyrolysis of food waste (FW) with Ni-based catalysts under CO2 atmosphere as an environmentally benign disposal technique. FW was pyrolyzed with homo-type Ni/Al2O3 (Ni-HO) or eggshell-type Ni/Al2O3 (Ni-EG) catalysts under flowing CO2 (50 mL/min) at temperatures from 500 to 700 °C for 1 h. A higher gas yield (42.05 wt%) and a lower condensable yield (36.28 wt%) were achieved for catalytic pyrolysis with Ni-EG than with Ni-HO (34.94 wt% and 40.06 wt%, respectively). In particular, the maximum volumetric content of H2 (21.48%) and CO (28.43%) and the lowest content of C2-C4 (19.22%) were obtained using the Ni-EG. The formation of cyclic species (e.g., benzene derivatives) in bio-oil was also effectively suppressed (24.87%) when the Ni-EG catalyst and CO2 medium were concurrently utilized for the FW pyrolysis. Accordingly, the simultaneous use of the Ni-EG catalyst and CO2 contributed to altering the carbon distribution of the pyrolytic products from condensable species to value-added gaseous products by facilitating ring-opening reactions and free radical mechanisms. This study should suggest that CO2-assisted catalytic pyrolysis over the Ni-EG catalyst would be an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy for disposal of FW which also provides a clean and high-quality source of energy.Climate change scenarios predict a change in the rainfall regimes for this current century, which has different impacts on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. However, how changes in annual rainfall affect annual GHG fluxes of forest soils remain unknown. A six-year field experiment with -25% and -50% throughfall (TF) and +25% TF manipulation was performed to explore the mechanisms involving GHG fluxes under a mature temperate forest, northeastern China and to work out whether the TF effect sizes on annual soil GHG fluxes vary with dry and wet years. The results showed that both -25% TF and -50% TF treatments depressed annual soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions but increased annual soil methane (CH4) uptake. A contrary pattern of annual soil GHG fluxes was observed in the +25% TF treatment. When annual TF input was decreased by 100 mm, annual soil N2O and CO2 emissions were decreased by 18.1 ± 3.1 mg N m-2 and by 39.4 ± 6.1 g C m-2 during the growing season, respectively, and annual soil CH4 uptake was increased by 11.5 ± 3.4 mg C m-2. Both -25% TF and -50% TF treatments reduced annual soil dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching by 29.3% and 45.6% and dissolved total N (DN) leaching by 30.8% and 39.6%, respectively. Contrary to annual soil N2O and CO2 emissions, annual soil CH4 uptake during the growing season significantly decreased with an increase in the annual leaching fluxes of soil DOC, inorganic N, and DN. Besides soil moisture and temperature and pH, soil GHG fluxes under manipulating TF condition were regulated by soil labile C and N status. Our findings indicated that the TF effect sizes on both annual GHG fluxes and net annual GHG balance (GWP) of forest soils varied with dry and wet years in northeastern China. The results highlight the importance of altered annual rainfall in regulating annual soil GHG fluxes and the GWP in temperate forests under global climate change.The oxidation of ammonia by autotrophic bacteria is a central part of the nitrogen cycle and a fundamental aspect of biological nutrient removal (BNR) during wastewater treatment. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html Autotrophic ammonia oxidation produces protons and results in net-CO2 production due to the neutralizing effect of bicarbonate alkalinity. Attention must be paid to the propensity for this produced CO2 to be transferred to the atmosphere where it can act as a greenhouse gas (GHG). In the context of BNR systems, bicarbonate-derived CO2 emissions should be considered distinct from the biogenic CO2 that arises from cellular respiration, though this distinction is not made in current GHG accounting practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two experimental systems operated under autotrophic mode and buffered with bicarbonate, to investigate the relationship between ammonia removal and gaseous CO2 emissions. The first system consisted of continuously aerated lab-scale batch reactors, which were effective in demonstrating the important link between ammonia oxidizer activity, pH, and gaseous CO2 production. Depletion of the buffer system always led to a rapid decline in system pH and cessation of CO2 emissions when the pH fell below 7.0. The second system was a tubular continuous-flow biofilm reactor which permitted comparison of ammonia removal and CO2 emission rates. A linear relationship between ammonia removal and CO2 emissions was demonstrated and the quantified CO2 production was relatively close to that which was predicted based on the stoichiometry of nitrification, with this CO2 being detected in the gas phase. It was apparent that this system offered minimal resistance to the mass transfer of CO2 from the liquid to gas, which is an important factor that determines how much of the bicarbonate-derived CO2 may contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in engineered systems such as those used for BNR.Belt and Road initiatives (BRI) transportation infrastructural development project started a new bilateral relationship amongst countries and acquired an important position to contribute to tourism and sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030. The SDG1 (Poverty alleviation) and SDG 15 (Environmental protection) are globally highly challenging goals. Therefore, the current study using an integrative conceptual model addresses the fundamental role of BRI in achieving SDG 1 and SDG 15 in the presence of tourism development (TD) as a mediating variable. Based on stakeholder theory, using subjective analysis, the present study examines residents' perception of the BRI transportation infrastructural development, tourism development, SDG 1, and SDG 15. Using a self-administered questionnaire, collected a sample of 800 questionnaires data. The structural equation modelling analysis (SEM) indicated that the residents' perceive that the BRI transportation infrastructural development as a catalyst positively contributing to achieving SDG 1; however, it negatively correlates with SDG15.