Gregoryhouse8394
The CV for the mean defect of standard automated perimetry was approximately one-third that of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. With increasing age, ERG peak times and color discrimination Total Error Score increased while ERG amplitudes and isopter area all decreased.
The data illustrate the benefit of identical equipment, stringent on-site instruction and training, quality control, certification, and validation methods. The latter are recommended for planning and conducting multicenter trials using ERG and perimetry to monitor safety and/or efficacy of treatment intervention.
Stringent quality control procedures and reliable reference values are indispensable prerequisites for informative clinical trials.
Stringent quality control procedures and reliable reference values are indispensable prerequisites for informative clinical trials.
To investigate whether human donor lenses are capable of exporting reduced glutathione.
Human lenses of varying ages were cultured in artificial aqueous humor for 1 hour under hypoxic conditions to mimic the physiologic environment and reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels measured in the media and in the lens.
Human donor lenses released both GSH and GSSG into the media. Donor lenses cultured in the presence of acivicin, a γ-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor, exhibited a significant increase in GSSG levels (
< 0.05), indicating that GSSG undergoes degradation into its constituent amino acids. Screening of GSH/GSSG efflux transporters revealed Mrp1, Mrp4, and Mrp5 to be present at the transcript level, but only Mrp5 was expressed at the protein level. Blocking Mrp5 function with the Mrp inhibitor MK571 led to a significant decrease in GSSG efflux (
< 0.05), indicating that Mrp5 is likely to be involved in mediating GSSG efflux. read more Measurements of efflux from the anterior and posterior surface of the lens revealed that GSH and GSSG efflux occurs at both surfaces but predominantly at the anterior surface.
Human lenses export GSH and GSSG into the surrounding ocular humors, which can be recycled by the lens to maintain intracellular GSH homeostasis or used by neighboring tissues to maintain GSH levels.
Early removal of a clear lens, as occurs to treat myopia and presbyopia, would eliminate this GSH reservoir and reduce the supply of GSH to other tissues, which, over time, may have clinical implications for the progression of other ocular diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Early removal of a clear lens, as occurs to treat myopia and presbyopia, would eliminate this GSH reservoir and reduce the supply of GSH to other tissues, which, over time, may have clinical implications for the progression of other ocular diseases associated with oxidative stress.
The sense of vision is responsible for 90% of the information obtained by the motorist. Improvement in binocular visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) achieved after strabismus surgery could have beneficial effects on driving. Our study sought to identify functional improvements (VA and VF) and improvements in driving ability following strabismus surgery.
In a prospective cohort study, the following parameters are analyzed before and 3 months after strabismus surgery simulated driving performance (including eye movements and actions on vehicle control), binocular VA, binocular VF, and self-confidence during driving.
Twenty patients participated in the study. The mean preoperative logMAR binocular VA and stereopsis do not significantly differ from the postoperative. The mean Esterman VF score increases from 91.3 (±17.2) preoperatively to 96.9 (±13.9) postoperatively (
= 0.045). The mean self-confidence directed at driving scores decreases from 20.5 (±10.3) points before surgery to 11.0 (±6.0) points after surgery (
< 0.001). The distance at which the road signs are identified is significantly higher after surgery. The average speed of the vehicle and the speed near the targets (30 m) increase significantly after strabismus surgery. A significant decrease in ocular movements near targets is also observed. The number of brake pedal depressions and the rate of brake pedal depressions slightly decrease after surgery.
This study demonstrates the potential beneficial effects of strabismus surgery on driving ability, with significant improvements in self-confidence during driving, VF, and driving on a simulator.
This was the first study to use a driving simulator in strabismus.
This was the first study to use a driving simulator in strabismus.
Patients with acquired monocular vision (AMV) lose vision in the temporal crescent on the side of the blind eye. This visual field loss affects patients' ability to detect potential hazards in the blind field. Mounting a base-in multiplexing prism (MxP) on the nasal side of the seeing eye can provide true field expansion and enable detection of potential collision hazards. We evaluated the efficacy of the MxP glasses in a virtual reality walking environment.
A three-dimensional printed clip-on MxP holder that can be adjusted for an individual user's facial parameters was developed. Virtual reality walking scenarios were designed to evaluate the effect of MxP field expansion on the detection of a pedestrian approaching from different initial bearing angles and courses. The pedestrian detection rates and response times of 10 participants with simulated AMV (normally sighted participants with one eye patched) and three patients with AMV were measured.
The MxP provided true field expansion of about 25°. Participants performed significantly better with the MxP than without the MxP in the pedestrian detection task on their blind field, while their seeing field performance was not significantly different.
The MxP glasses for patients with AMV improved the detection of potential collision hazards in the blind field.
The MxP with an adjustable clip-on holder may help patients with AMV to decrease the risk of collision with other pedestrians.
The MxP with an adjustable clip-on holder may help patients with AMV to decrease the risk of collision with other pedestrians.
