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2 years) after injury. On the FFI, low-risk STTGMA stratification was an independent predictor of worse functional outcomes. Similarly, low-risk stratification was a predictor of worse scores on the SMFA dysfunction and daily activity subcategories (both B>10, p<0.05).

Low-risk STTGMA stratification predicted worse long-term function. The STTGMA tool was not able to meaningfully stratify risk for post-discharge complications and secondary procedures following ankle fracture.

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Aim of this systematic review is to investigate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) after routine removal of syndesmotic screws (SSs) placed to stabilize syndesmotic injuries.

A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies published online before February 2020, using the key words and synonyms of "syndesmotic screw" and ("ankle fractures" or "syndesmotic injury") and "implant removal".

Studies were eligible for inclusion when they described >10 adult patients undergoing elective/scheduled removal of the SS.

The 15 included articles were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Baseline characteristics of the studies, the study population, the intervention, potential confounders and primary outcome (% of SSIs) were extracted using a customized extraction sheet.

The primary outcome was presented as a proportion of included patients and as a weighted mean, using inverse variance, calculated in RStudio studies should focus on valid indications for SSR, the influence of prophylactic antibiotics on SSI after SSR, and complications of retaining the syndesmotic screw to enable a fair benefits/risks comparison of routine vs. on-demand removal of the SS.

To compare the risks of surgical site infection (SSI) and postoperative complications after acetabular fracture open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) in patients receiving topical intrawound antibiotic powder compared to those not receiving antibiotic powder (control group).

Retrospective cohort SETTING Level I trauma center PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION We reviewed 789 acetabular fracture ORIF cases from 2010-2019 at our institution, with mean follow-up 18 months (3-112 months). Overall, 326 patients comprised the control group and 463 received topical antibiotic powder (294 vancomycin and 169 vancomycin/tobramycin).

The study groups were compared for risk of SSI, seroma formation, wound dehiscence, acute kidney injury (AKI) and other post-operative complications.

There were 63 total SSI (8.0%), 50 (6.3%) deep SSI and 13 suprafascial SSI (1.6%) cases. There was no difference in the risk of total SSI (8.3% vs 7.8%, p=0.80) or deep SSI (6.1% vs 6.5%, p=0.64). Linifanib solubility dmso This was confirmed by multivariate analysis adjusting for covariates (OR=0.93; 95% CI, 0.52-1.67; p=0.80). Similar results were demonstrated when comparing the control group to the vancomycin and vancomycin/tobramycin subgroups. The control group and antibiotic powder groups had similar risks of all outcomes of interest, including seroma formation (1.8% vs 1.7%, p=1.00), wound dehiscence (1.2% vs 2.2%, p=0.42), total AKI (5.2% vs 8.2%, p=0.12), and RIFLE classification AKI (Injury; 0.9% vs 2.2%, p=0.50).

The addition of topical intrawound antibiotic powder, whether vancomycin alone or vancomycin/tobramycin prior to closure, does not reduce the risk of SSI after acetabular fracture ORIF compared to standard normal saline irrigation alone.

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients who had recently undergone a cardiac procedure and were inpatients in a cardiac rehabilitation department.

All patients hospitalized from 1 February to 15 March 2020 were included in the study (n = 35; 16 men; mean age 78 years). The overall population was divided into two groups group 1 included 10 patients who presented with a clinical picture of COVID-19 infection and were isolated, and group 2 included 25 patients who were COVID-19-negative. In group 1, nine patients were on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy and one patient was on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel. A chest computed tomography scan revealed interstitial pneumonia in all 10 patients.

During hospitalization, COVID-19 patients received azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in addition to their ongoing therapy. Only the patient on ASA with clopidogrel therapy was transferred to the ICU for mechanical ventilation because of worsening respiratory failure, and subsequently died from cardiorespiratory arrest. All other patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy recovered and were discharged.

Our study suggests that COVID-19 patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy may have a more favorable and less complicated clinical course. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this preliminary observation.

Our study suggests that COVID-19 patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy may have a more favorable and less complicated clinical course. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this preliminary observation.Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurologic emergency with high morbidity and mortality. After many advances in the field, several unanswered questions remain for optimal treatment after the early stage of SE. This narrative review describes some of the important drug trials for SE treatment that have shaped the understanding of the treatment of SE. The authors also propose possible clinical trial designs for the later stages of SE that may allow assessment of currently available and new treatment options. Status epilepticus can be divided into four stages for treatment purposes early, established, refractory, and superrefractory. Ongoing convulsive seizures for more than 5 minutes or nonconvulsive seizure activity for more than 10 to 30 minutes is considered early SE. Failure to control the seizure with first-line treatment (usually benzodiazepines) is defined as established SE. If SE continues despite treatment with an antiseizure medicine, it is considered refractory SE, which is usually treated with additional antiseizure medicines or intravenous anesthetic agents.