Greenlundsgaard9718

97 (

 < 0.01) for each subscale and the total score. Cronbach

was >0.7 for each subscale and the total score for both raters. High consistency was found between Barthel Index and SCIM III total scores (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.88,

 < 0.01).

The Chinese version of SCIM III is valid and reliable for the functional assessment of patients with SCI.

The Chinese version of SCIM III is valid and reliable for the functional assessment of patients with SCI.Although serotyping is the most important method of identification of taxonomy in Salmonella, conventional serotype determination with a complete set of antisera is time consuming and laborious. Recently, rapid serotyping procedures with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed. In this study, we established a novel PCR-based rapid serotyping method that employs a unique target gene. Alignment study of Salmonella-specific gene (Salmonella enterotoxin [stn]) revealed a correlation between the stn gene sequence and the serotype of the organism. In 750 bp of stn gene, 55 nucleotides indicated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-like polymorphism, and the correlation between the SNP-like polymorphism and the serotype of the organism suggests that SNP-like sequences in stn gene can serve as an index for serotyping. To develop a rapid serotyping method based on the SNP-like polymorphism, we selected serotype-associated 12 SNP-like sites in the stn gene and established a method based on high-resolution melting (HRM) and PCR, which identifies nucleotides at SNP-like sites within 1.5 h. This newly established rapid serotyping procedure (stn-HRM) could identify nine serotypes, including the frequently isolated serovar Enteritidis. These nine serotypes cover 64.3% of cases of Salmonella, as reported by the World Health Organization/Global Foodborne Infection Network (WHO/GFN) Country Databank from 2001 to 2010. In this study, we employed a unique target gene, stn, which is completely independent of the genes that were targeted in previously reported rapid serotyping procedures. Therefore, the results obtained by our newly developed stn-HRM procedure are independent of the results obtained by other procedures. Besides, stn-HRM can ensure accurate identification of the bacterial species as stn is a Salmonella-specific gene. It is expected that the combination of newly constructed stn-HRM and previously reported procedures could further improve the credibility of Salmonella isolate serotyping.ABSTRACT Poverty-alleviation programmes aimed to improved mental well-being among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in low and middle income countries have underscored the importance of understanding how and why such programmes work. We present findings from a six-month ethnographic process evaluation of Kiran, an economic livelihood programme locally designed to improve mental well-being among women affected by HIV in Delhi, India. In addition to benefits of improved economic standing, we found that supportive relationships cultivated among participants (n = 9) and with providers (n = 3) provided respite from worry about their illness and reframed what was relationally and practically possible in the context of living with HIV. In acquiring marketable craft skills with peers, participants challenged internalized scripts of being socially devalued and regained agency about their abilities to contribute to their community and support their children's immediate and future needs. We found that the benefits of Kiran weighed less on the direct alleviation of mental distress and more on the instillation of hope for their children. Our findings exemplify the importance of re-visiting a priori theories that inform interventions for PLWH and highlight the methodological merits of ethnographic approaches that underscore how theory and intervention praxis are bidirectionally informed.This prospective cohort study enrolled people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing the integrase inhibitors, dolutegravir (DTG) or elvitegravir (EVG) and administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline and again after approximately six months to compare changes in MoCA scores. The proportion of patients found to have cognitive impairment, as indicated by a MoCA score less then 26/30, on each agent were also compared and comparisons were made between changes in each domain assessed by the MoCA (visuospatial/executive, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation). Thirty-five evaluable participants were enrolled, 18 on DTG and 17 on EVG. The median [interquartile range(IQR)] age was 44 (32 to 54) years, 63% were male, 57% were African American. The median (IQR) MoCA score at baseline was 25 (23 to 27) with no difference between groups (p=0.249). The median (IQR) change in MoCA score was 0 (-1 to 2) for DTG and 1 (0 to 3) for EVG (p = 0.183). Of those on DTG, 8 (44%) had MoCA scores less then 26 on follow-up compared to 11 (65%) on EVG (p = 0.229). There were no significant differences in changes in any of the individual MoCA domains.Background Limited studies have discussed the association between facial fractures and subsequent migraines. In this study, we examined this association and the effect of facial fracture and surgery on the development of migraines. Methods We selected 5034 patients with facial fractures and a matched cohort of 20,136 patients without facial fractures or facial-associated surgery with a history of migraine from the National Health Insurance database. Risk factors included age, gender, occupation (white-collar, blue-collar, and others), and comorbidities. Patients were frequency matched by age, gender, and index year. The incidence of migraine and the association between migraine development and facial surgery were identified by facial fracture location stratification. Results The incidence of migraines in the facial fracture cohort was 1.37-fold higher when compared with the comparison cohort (6.47 vs. 4.73 per 1000 person-years). There was a 1.31-fold risk of migraines in the adjusted hazard model and a 1.30-fold risk of migraines in the subdistribution hazard model (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.52 and 1.12-1.51, respectively). Malar/maxillary and nasal fractures showed 1.48- and 1.29-fold risks of migraines in the adjusted hazard model and subdistribution hazard model (95% CI, 1.16-1.89 and 1.05-1.59, respectively). There were no significant differences in migraine occurrence among patients who underwent surgery. Conclusions Our findings indicated that malar/maxillary and nasal fractures were associated with a subsequent risk of migraines. There were no significant differences in migraine occurrence among patients who underwent surgery. Because of the retrospective nature of this study, further studies are warranted.This article provides a narrative review of longitudinal studies investigating the impact of social media (SM) use on adolescent well-being from 2006 to 2019. A topic of popular concern, most research to date has been cross-sectional, limiting the inferences that can be drawn to correlational observations. Longitudinal studies add valuable input to extant scholarship, and they have begun to emerge in the literature. A systematic search of PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Assia conducted in January 2019 identified 14 papers meeting inclusion criteria. The article summarizes the evidence and highlights emerging trends. Most notably, research distinguishing type of SM use, as opposed to mere frequency of SM use, is producing more significant results, suggesting a need for study designs that are able to capture the complexities of SM engagement beyond time spent online. The review also sets out the limitations of the current studies, which include unvalidated, self-report exposure measures and a failure to consider conditional effects. Addressing these challenges will present avenues for future research.

To compare the effectiveness of gait training using a peroneal nerve stimulation device with the effectiveness of gait training without the device in improving gait ability and ankle-specific body functions.

Multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label trial.

Twenty-three hospitals.

In total, 119 stroke patients with foot drop were randomly assigned to the experimental (with the device) or control (without the device) group.

Subjects underwent 480-minute self-directed training over four weeks, followed by 260-minute physical therapist-assisted gait training with or without the device.

The primary endpoint was a change in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) without the device from baseline to after the four-week intervention. The secondary endpoints were changes in the 10-metre walk test (10MWT) without the device, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, range of motion, muscle strength, Modified Ashworth Scale, Stroke Impact Scale Japanese edition (J-SIS) and adverse events.

Fifty-six experimental and 59 control group participants, with an average age of 59 years (SD 12) completed the trial. The 6MWT distance changes (m) for the experimental and control groups were 14.7 (SD 37.6) and 22.2 (SD 49.3), respectively. The 10MWT speed changes (m/sec) for the experimental and control groups were 0.06 (SD 0.12) and 0.07 (SD 0.17), respectively. No significant differences were observed in these changes between both groups, and no differences were found in the other secondary endpoints, except for the J-SIS patient's subjective assessment (

 = 0.048).

The improvement in gait ability and body functions were equivalent with or without the use of the device.

The improvement in gait ability and body functions were equivalent with or without the use of the device.

To investigate the effectiveness of pain coping skills training in pain, function, and psychological outcomes for patients with osteoarthritis, compared to the control group; and to compare the effectiveness of pain coping skills training between the intervention involving and without involving exercise.

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PEDro, Clinical Trials, and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform (to 30 September 2020).

To calculate the results, we used standardized mean difference, and mean difference for the outcomes of continuous variables, risk difference for the risk of adverse events. Heterogeneity was identified with I

test, and publication bias was identified with Egger's test.

A total of 1195 patients with osteoarthritis underwent ten trials were included. The intervention group had significant differences in pain (SMD = -0.18; 95% CI -0.29 to -0.06), function (SMD = -0.19; -0.30 to -0.07), coping attempts (SMD = 0.37; 0.24 to 0.49), pain catastrophizing (SMD = -0.16; -0.29 to -0.02), and self-efficacy (SMD = 0.27; 0.07 to 0.46) than the control group. Between-group differences measured by the McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index subscales of pain (MD = -0.62; -1.48 to 0.24) or function (MD = -3.01; -6.26 to 0.24) were not statistically significant and did not reach the minimal clinically important differences that have been established. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant subgroup differences. Besides, no specific intervention-related adverse events were identified.

Our results supported the effectiveness and safety of pain coping skills training for managing osteoarthritis in pain, function, and psychological aspects. Besides, exercise could not add benefits when combined with pain coping skills training.

Our results supported the effectiveness and safety of pain coping skills training for managing osteoarthritis in pain, function, and psychological aspects. Besides, exercise could not add benefits when combined with pain coping skills training.