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In vitro experiment results showed that HES inhibited cell proliferation, mammosphere, and a colony formation, and migration in on MCF-7 3D cells (mammospheres). HES induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells 3D. In addition, HES treatment reduced the mRNA level of p21 but increased the mRNA level of cyclin D1 and p53 in the mammosphere. HES inhibits BCSCs in mammospheres. More importantly, this study highlighted p53 as a key protein in inhibition of BCSCs by HES. Future studies on the molecular mechanism are needed to validate the results of this study.Over more than a century of intense industrial production and associated accidental release, petroleum products (e.g., gasoline, diesel, fuel oil) have contaminated a significant portion of the world's groundwater resources. Groundwater remediation is generally a complex task, especially where aquifers and the associated contaminant distribution are highly heterogeneous. The ability to predict the efficiency of such remediation is of crucial importance, as the costs are strongly linked to the treatment design and duration. In this study, a coupled simulation-optimization (S/O) framework, consisting of a process-based reactive transport simulation model linked with particle swarm optimization (PSO) was developed. It was subsequently applied for the design of a real-world in situ bio-treatment of a BTEX contaminated aquifer in France. In the application, the optimization framework was used to simultaneously determine optimal well locations and their optimal injection rates, both constituting key elements of thek will provide decision support to select the most suitable remediation strategy while facing different regulatory objectives.Letrozole is a reversible aromatase inhibitor, used in the treatment of hormone-dependent woman cancer. read more No indication for medical use is available for men. In recent years, several cases of doping with letrozole have been observed, especially among high level athletes. Aromatase inhibitors reverse the harmful effects (feminizing) of the abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids. Letrozole is included on the list of products prohibited in- and out-competition by the World Anti-Doping Agency, under section S4.1. The aim of the present work was to develop a specific method to identify letrozole in human hair of a male amateur athlete by LC-MS/MS and confirmation by LC-HRMS, after incubation of 20 mg of matrix in 1 mL of methanol. The chromatographic separation was performed using a reverse phase column HSS C18 with a gradient elution of 15 min (from 87% to 5% of formate buffer adjusted to pH 3). Linearity was observed from 1 to 1000 pg/mg (r2 = 0.9999), after spiking blank hair with the corresponding amounts of letrozole. The limit of detection was estimated at 0.5 pg/mg and the lower limit of quantification was the first point of the calibration curve, i.e. 1 pg/mg. The precision was lower than 20% and there was no interference with the analytes by chemicals or any extractable endogenous materials present in hair. Letrozole was identified in the male amateur athlete hair at 310 pg/mg (segment 0-2 cm) and 245 pg/mg (segment 2-4 cm).Tobacco use, of which cigarette smoking is the most common, is a global health concern and is directly linked to over 7 million premature deaths annually. Measurement of the levels of tobacco-related biomarkers in biological matrices reflects human exposure to the chemicals in tobacco products. Nicotine, nicotine metabolites, anatabine, and anabasine are specific to tobacco and nicotine containing products. However, as nicotine and its metabolites are ubiquitous in the environment, background contamination during sample preparation can occur, making the quantification of target analytes challenging. The main purpose of the present study was to examine quality control measures needed in the determination of urinary nicotine, nicotine metabolites, anatabine, and anabasine. Urine samples (n = 75) and NIST standard reference materials SRM 3671 and SRM 3672 were analysed. A one-step extraction procedure using cold acetone was used in this study, which involved no additional clean up. The blank matrices investigate3671 and SRM 3672 could inform a potential certification of additional biomarkers of exposure to tobacco products in those standard reference materials.Charge variants are the most commonly observed sources of heterogeneity in the routine manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies. To gain further insight into the structural foundation of charge heterogeneity and its influence on biological functions, an infliximab biosimilar HS626 from a biopharmaceutical facility was isolated by semipreparative cation exchange chromatography (CEX) to obtain fractions of acidic and basic charge variants and determine the main species. It was assessed again by CEX to ensure purities. Through a series of structural and physicochemical characterizations, we concluded that the acidic variants were caused by fragments, Met oxidation, Asn deamidation, higher levels of sialylation and galactosylation of N-linked glycans, and less high mannose. The basic variants resulted mainly from aggregates, fragments, and Met oxidation. Through further analysis of antigen binding affinity, cell death inhibitory activity, ADCC, and CDC, as well as FcRn, FcγRIIIa, and C1q affinity, we demonstrated that the charge heterogeneity did not affect biological functions. This research enhances the understanding of charge variants, which are usually effective components that should not be intentionally reduced unless biological functions are affected.Two nitrogen-fixing and heavy oil degrading strains, designated RWY-5-1-1T and ROY-1-1-2, were isolated from an oil production mixture from Yumen Oilfield in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed they belong to Azospirillum and have less than 96.1 % pairwise similarity with each species in this genus. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them and other type strains of Azospirillum species were less than 75.69 % and 22.0 %, respectively, both below the species delineation threshold. Pan-genomic analysis showed that the novel isolate RWY-5-1-1T shared 2145 core gene families with other type strains in Azospirillum, and the number of strain-specific gene families was 1623, almost two times more than the number known from other species. Furthermore, genes related to nitrogenase, hydrocarbon degradation and biosurfactant production were found in the isolates' genomes. Also, this strain was capable of reducing acetylene to ethylene at a rate of 22nmol ethylene h-1 (108 cells) and degrading heavy oil at a rate of 36.