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At the metagenomic strain level, a generally positive correlation was observed between probiotics and the strains belonging to Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium animalis, whereas a common negative correlation was observed between probiotics and Clostridium leptum; this result revealed the potential mechanism of maintaining intestinal microbiome homeostasis by probiotics. The present study provided a feasible approach for protecting gut health during a long sea voyage.The natural outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is that of slow progression and ultimate rupture, then a life-threatening hemorrhage consequently. Ruptured AAA is a dramatic catastrophe and constitutes one of the leading causes of acute death in elderly men. However, the mechanism of AAA is still unclear. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family has protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we revealed the expression and the pathogenesis of TRPV1 in a mouse AAA model. The results presented here identify TRPV1 could be a potential therapeutic target for AAA treatment.The tight gene expression regulation controls the development and pathogenesis of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum throughout the complex life cycle. Recent studies have revealed the pervasive nascent transcripts in the genome of P. falciparum, suggesting the existence of a hidden transcriptome involved in the dynamic gene expression. However, the landscape and related biological functions of nascent non-coding RNAs (ns-ncRNAs) are still poorly explored. Here we profiled the transcription dynamics of nascent RNAs by rRNA-depleted and stranded RNA sequencing over the course of 48-h intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC). We identified the genome-wide sources of a total of 2252 ns-ncRNAs, mostly originating from intergenic and untranslated regions of annotated genes. By integrating the nascent RNA abundances with ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq analysis, we uncovered the euchromatic microenvironment surrounding the ns-ncRNA loci, and revealed a positive correlation between ns-ncRNAs and corresponding mRNA abundances. Finally, by gene knock-down strategy, we showed that the cooperation of RNA exosome catalytic subunit PfDis3 and PfMtr4 cofactor played a major role in ns-ncRNAs degradation. Collectively, this study contributes to understanding of the potential roles of short-lived nascent ncRNAs in regulating gene expression in malaria parasites.The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the studies aimed at integrating imaging parameters with molecular biomarkers for improving breast cancer patient's diagnosis and prognosis. The use of diagnostic imaging to extract quantitative parameters related to the morphology, metabolism, and functionality of tumors, as well as their correlation with cancer tissue biomarkers is an emerging research topic. Thanks to the development of imaging biobanks and the technological tools required for extraction of imaging parameters including radiomic features, it is possible to integrate imaging markers with genetic data. This new field of study represents the evolution of radiology-pathology correlation from an anatomic-histologic level to a genetic level, which paves new interesting perspectives for breast cancer management.Our view of cancer biology radically shifted from a "cancer-cell-centric" vision to a view of cancer as an organ disease. The concept that genetic and/or epigenetic alterations, at the basis of cancerogenesis, are the main if not the exclusive drivers of cancer development and the principal targets of therapy, has now evolved to include the tumor microenvironment in which tumor cells can grow, proliferate, survive, and metastasize only within a favorable environment. The interplay between cancer cells and the non-cellular and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment plays a fundamental role in tumor development and evolution both at the primary site and at the level of metastasis. The shape of the tumor cells and tumor mass is the resultant of several contrasting forces either pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral which have at the level of the tumor microenvironment their battle field. This crucial role of tumor microenvironment composition in cancer progression also dictates whether immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies is going to be efficacious. Hence, tumor microenvironment deconvolution has become of great relevance in order to identify biomarkers predictive of efficacy of immunotherapy. selleck products In this short paper we will briefly review the relationship between inflammation and cancer, and will summarize in 10 short points the key concepts learned so far and the open challenges to be solved.The role of biomarkers is crucial in oncology for both early diagnosis and the personalization of cancer treatments. Tissue biomarkers have gained a central role as predictors of the response to an increasing number of anticancer agents; conversely, the clinical role of circulating biomarkers (c-TMs) is limited and has remained almost unchanged over the years. The position of guidelines is summarized and discussed with reference to the potential usefulness of c-TMs in those areas of application that cannot be covered by tissue biomarkers. The pipeline of translational research on biomarkers is briefly described; the differences among analytical validation, clinical validation, and clinical utility are discussed, emphasizing that the assessment of clinical utility is the ultimate step toward clinical use. The role of monitoring of appropriateness as a proxy indicator of how the research pipeline has actually worked is discussed, and data and c-TMs overordering rates are reported. The role and limits of guidelines to influence appropriate c-TMs ordering are discussed. The design of primary studies on c-TMs is examined, underlining that they mainly focus on clinical validation rather than on clinical utility. The role of regulatory boards is also briefly presented and discussed.The utility of positron emission tomography (PET) for the evaluation of response to immunotherapy has been considered a hot topic, particularly in the last 2 to 3 years. Different experiences have been collected in clinical practice, with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT), particularly in patients affected by lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and lung cancer. It has been tested in different settings of disease, from the prediction to the prognosis relative to the response to immunotherapy. In the present mini-review, some evidence is reported about the role of FDG PET/CT in patient candidates to or treated with immunotherapy.