Grantadamsen8847

BACKGROUND Given concerns about suboptimal pain management for actively treated cancer patients following the 2014 federal reclassification of hydrocodone, we examined changes in patterns of opioid prescribing among surgical breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from a large nationally representative commercial health insurance program from 2009 to 2017 were used to identify women aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with carcinoma in-situ or malignant breast cancer and received breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy from 2010 to 2016. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/brd-6929.html Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for receipt of ≥1-day, >30-day, or ≥ 90-day supply of opioids in the 12 months following surgery adjusting for demographics, cancer treatment-related characteristics, and preoperative opioid use. RESULTS A total of 60,080 patients were included in the study. Surgically treated breast cancer patients in 2015 (aOR = 0.90, 0.84-0.97) and 2016 (aOR = 0.80, 0.74-0.86) were less lithat influences how providers manage pain for actively treated cancer patients. This work shows how federal policy may have led to declines in opioid prescribing for breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. © AlphaMed Press 2019.Immune checkpoint inhibitors have proven to be effective for various advanced neoplasia. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) as a result of increased T cell activation are unique and potentially life-threating toxicities associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple endocrine irAEs, including primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, primary adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and hypophysitis, have been reported with the use of various immune checkpoint inhibitors. In some cases, these irAEs can lead to discontinuation of treatment. Here we propose for the general oncologist algorithms for managing endocrine irAEs to aid in the clinical care of patients receiving immunotherapy. KEY POINTS There is a relative high risk of endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, particularly when combination therapy is implemented. Patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have an increased risk of hypophysitis, whereas patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have a higher risk of primary thyroid dysfunction. Rarely, patients develop T1DM and central diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism is a rare occurrence. A growing clinical understanding of endocrine irAEs has led to effective treatment strategies with hormone replacement. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been shown to be a prognostic factor for cancer survival in randomized clinical trials and observational "real-world" cohort studies; however, it remains unclear which HRQoL domains are the best prognosticators. The primary aims of this population-based, observational study were to (a) investigate the association between the novel European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 (QLQ-C30) summary score and all-cause mortality, adjusting for the more traditional sociodemographic and clinical prognostic factors; and (b) compare the prognostic value of the QLQ-C30 summary score with the global quality of life (QoL) and physical functioning scales of the QLQ-C30. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2008 and 2015, patients with cancer (12 tumor types) were invited to participate in PROFILES disease-specific registry studies (response rate, 69%). In this secondary analysis of 6,895 patients, multivariate Cox proportional s. The QLQ-C30 summary score appears to have more prognostic value than the global QoL, physical functioning, or any other scale within the QLQ-C30. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The finding that health-related quality of life provides distinct prognostic information beyond known sociodemographic and clinical measures, not only around cancer diagnosis (baseline) but also at follow-up, has implications for clinical practice. Implementation of cancer survivorship monitoring systems for ongoing surveillance may improve post-treatment rehabilitation that leads to better outcomes. © 2019 The Authors. The Oncologist published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of AlphaMed Press.Immunotherapy has made great strides in improving clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. However, few patients exhibit adequate response rates for key outcome measures and desired long-term responses, and they often suffer systemic side effects due to the dynamic nature of the immune system. This has motivated a search for alternative strategies to improve unsatisfactory immunotherapeutic outcomes. In recent years, biomaterial-assisted immunotherapy has shown promise in cancer treatment with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. These biomaterials have illuminated fundamental mechanisms underlying the immunoediting process, while greatly improving the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, cancer vaccine therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This minireview discusses recent advances in engineered biomaterials that address limitations associated with conventional cancer immunotherapies. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVE(S) The hamster carcinogenesis model recapitulates oral oncogenesis. Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) cancerization induces early severe mucositis, affecting animal´s welfare and causing tissue loss and pouch shortening. "Short" pouches cannot be everted for local irradiation for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Our aim was to optimize the DMBA classical cancerization protocol to avoid severe mucositis, without affecting tumor development. We evaluated BNCT in animals cancerized with this novel protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied Classical cancerization protocol (24 applications); Classical with two interruptions (completed at the end of the cancerization protocol). BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA) was performed in both groups. RESULTS The twice-interrupted group exhibited a significantly lower percentage of animals with severe mucositis vs the non-interrupted group (17% vs 71%) and a significantly higher incidence of long pouches (100% vs 53%). Tumor development and the histologic characteristics of tumor and precancerous tissue were not affected by the interruptions.