Gramjuhl3199

The UO, UO2 , ZrO, and ZrO2 partial vapor pressures, the vaporization rates, and the UO2 and ZrO2 activities in the UO2 -ZrO2 solid solutions were determined at 2370 K, 2490 K, 2570 K, and 2730 K. Conclusions The component activities and excess Gibbs energies of the UO2 -ZrO2 system indicated a change of deviations from the ideal behavior from positive to negative with temperature increase from 2370 K to 2730 K. The thermodynamic functions of formation from the oxides of the solid solutions in the UO2 -ZrO2 system such as Gibbs energies as well as enthalpies, and entropies of formation were obtained for the first time at 2550 K in the composition range 0.89-1.00 ZrO2 mole fraction.Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) encompasses a set of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neuropathies characterized by length-dependent dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. Mutations in over 80 diverse genes are associated with CMT, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) constitute a large gene family implicated in the disease. Despite considerable efforts to elucidate the mechanistic link between ARS mutations and the CMT phenotype, the molecular basis of the pathology is unknown. In this work, we investigated the impact of three CMT-associated substitutions (V155G, Y330C, and R137Q) in the cytoplasmic histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS1) on neurite outgrowth and peripheral nervous system development. The model systems for this work included a nerve growth factor-stimulated neurite outgrowth model in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), and a zebrafish line with GFP/red fluorescent protein reporters of sensory and motor neuron development. The expression of CMT-HARS1 mutations led to attenuation of protein synthesis and increased phosphorylation of eIF2α in PC12 cells and was accompanied by impaired neurite and axon outgrowth in both models. Notably, these effects were phenocopied by histidinol, a HARS1 inhibitor, and cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. The mutant proteins also formed heterodimers with wild-type HARS1, raising the possibility that CMT-HARS1 mutations cause disease through a dominant-negative mechanism. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that CMT-HARS1 alleles exert their toxic effect in a neuronal context, and lead to dysregulated protein synthesis. These studies demonstrate the value of zebrafish as a model for studying mutant alleles associated with CMT, and for characterizing the processes that lead to peripheral nervous system dysfunction.Many new mothers do not reach their breastfeeding goals. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a modifiable determinant influenced by prior and new breastfeeding experiences. More knowledge about factors associated with early breastfeeding experiences and breastfeeding self-efficacy would allow us to qualify breastfeeding counselling and increase breastfeeding duration. This study aimed to identify prevalence and factors associated with early negative breastfeeding experience, low breastfeeding self-efficacy in the first week postpartum, and drop in self-efficacy from late pregnancy to early postpartum period. Apilimod mw A prospective longitudinal study was performed in Denmark from 2013 to 2014, including 2, 804 mothers. Results showed that 1 week postpartum almost 10% of mothers had negative breastfeeding experiences, 36% had low breastfeeding self-efficacy, and 26% drop in self-efficacy from pregnancy. Negative breastfeeding experiences were significantly associated with epidural analgesia, interrupted skin-to-skin contact immediately postpartum, short previous breastfeeding duration, and lacking social support. Low breastfeeding self-efficacy was associated with low breastfeeding intention, short previous breastfeeding duration, and negative breastfeeding experiences in the first week postpartum. Finally, significant associations of drop in breastfeeding self-efficacy from late pregnancy were no or short education, early negative breastfeeding experiences, prior short breastfeeding duration, and low general breastfeeding self-efficacy in pregnancy. Negative breastfeeding experiences in the first week postpartum is crucial for maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy 1 week following birth. It is important to identify and support mothers at risk of negative breastfeeding experiences in the first week following birth and address factors that might increase the probability of early successful breastfeeding experiences.Aims/introduction To appraise guidelines on the antiplatelet strategy of prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and highlight the consensuses and controversies to aid clinician decision making. Materials and methods A systematic search was performed for guidelines regarding the CVD prevention or focusing on T2DM patients. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument was utilized to appraise the quality of included guidelines. Results Of the 15 guidelines with discrepant AGREE II scores [66% (interquartile range, 51-71%)], 10 were defined as "strongly recommended" guidelines. For secondary prevention, more than 60% of guidelines advocated that the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was used within 12 months when the T2DM patients experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with subsequent long-term using aspirin. For primary prevention, 80% of guidelines supported that aspirin should not be routinely used in patients with T2DM. No consensus on whether to prolong the DAPT in secondary prevention, and whether to use aspirin in T2DM patients with high CVD risk exists in current guidelines. Conclusions Physicians should use the recommendations from "strongly recommended" guidelines to make informed decisions and know the consensuses of current guidelines The DAPT should be used within 12 months when the T2DM patients experienced ACS and/or PCI/CABG, with subsequent long-term using aspirin. In primary prevention, aspirin should not be routinely used in individuals with T2DM but may be considered in those with high CVD risk.