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The anterior approach seems more difficult to carry out in particularly in large patients with the short neck. learn more The posterior approach can be used for all types of patients except in the case of medial disc herniation.Objective The objective was to study the results of the treatment of thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis (SD) through minimally invasive fusion and decompression technique. Materials and methods All the patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically (X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scan) along with necessary laboratory investigations. They underwent the minimally invasive spinal (MIS) decompression and fusion procedure using tubular retractor system and percutaneous transpedicular fixation done under fluoroscopy guidance. They were assessed using pre- and postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Kirkaldy-Willis functional outcome criteria. Postoperative radiological assessment of fusion was done. Operating time and fluoroscopy duration were also studied. Results There were a total of 12 patients, with an equal sex ratio of 11 with 8 and 4 patients having the involvement of the lumbar and dorsal spine, respectively. The fixation was done in the involved vertebrae in 8 patients and adjacent normal vertebrae in 4 patients. There was an improvement in VAS score from 7.8 to 2.1 and ODI from 64.3 to 16.4. 4 patients had excellent, 7 had good, and 1 had fair outcome in Kirkaldy-Willis functional outcome criteria. There was Grade 2 and 3 fusion in 4 cases each, and 2 patients had Grade 4 fusion. The laboratory studies were found positive for tuberculosis in 3 cases with 7 having necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, and 2 patients had negative results. Conclusion The MIS procedure is a safe and effective method of the management of SD in the thoracolumbar spine.Study design This was a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the current literature regarding the risk factors contributing to reoperation due to adjacent segment disease (ASD). Summary of background data ASD is a broad term referring to a variety of complications which might require reoperation. Revision spine surgery is known to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and high rate of complications. Unplanned reoperation has been suggested as a quality marker for the hospitals. Materials and methods An electronic search was conducted using PubMed. A total of 2467 articles were reviewed. Of these, 55 studies met our inclusion criteria and included an aggregate of 1940 patients. Data were collected pertaining to risk factors including age, sex, fusion length, lumbar lordosis, body mass index, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvis tilt, initial pathology, type of fusion procedure, floating versus sacral or pelvic fusion, presence of preuce the risk of future reoperation due to ASD. Level of evidence IV.This review article describes the various image guided interventional techniques used for treating chronic backache attributed to disc related pathologies. With the aim of minimum invasion and maximum relief, these procedures comprise predominantly of annuloplasty and disc decompression via different mechanisms. Newer therapies are discussed in this review article with the objective of restoring disc height and its biomechanical function by substitution of biochemical constituents, regeneration of cartilaginous end plate and finally artificial disc implantation.Acne conglobata (AC) is a rare form of severe and chronic nodulocystic acne. It is characterized by nodulocystic lesions, borrowing, interconnecting abscesses, scars, in addition to grouped comedones. AC usually appears on the trunk and may extend to the buttocks. It can also appear, to a lesser extent, on the face, neck, shoulders, proximal arms, abdomen, and thighs. To the best of our knowledge, AC of the scalp has not been reported in the literature. Herein, we are reporting a case of AC of the scalp, emphasizing its clinical and trichoscopic features and how to differentiate it clinically from similar scalp conditions, especially alopecic and aseptic nodules of the scalp and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.Congenital triangular alopecia (CTA) is a form of circumscribed, noncicatricial, and noninflammatory hair loss. It manifests as a triangular or oval-shaped alopecic patch on the frontotemporal region of the scalp and rarely involves the temporoparietal or occipital area. That is why it is also called temporal triangular alopecia. However, there has been just one case reported in the middle frontal area. Here, we report a successfully treated case of CTA in a 17-year-old boy who was born with a 2.5 cm × 3.5 cm alopecic patch in the middle frontal area.We present a unique patient with erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) with several unique features (1) a rare case of EPDS occurring after herpes zoster (HZ) infection and (2) the first reported case of recurrence of HZ induced by topical immunosuppressive therapy (clobetasol 0.05% cream and tacrolimus 0.01% cream) in a patient with underlying EPDS. Based on our patient, we recommend to exercise caution with the prolonged use of potent topical steroids in areas previously affected by herpes zoster.Background Dermoscopy is a noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of various dermatological disorders. Dermoscopy of alopecia areata (AA) aids in confirming the diagnosis and severity of the disease. Materials and methods A total of 100 patients of AA were evaluated with a dermoscope (×20 and × 200) to determine the dermoscopic features at the center and periphery of patches of AA. Results Black dots were the most common dermoscopic finding at the periphery of AA patch among the study population, followed by yellow dots, vellus hair, broken hair, tapering/exclamation mark hair, kinking at the point of emergence of a hair shaft, piggy tail hair, and depressed follicular opening. At the center of the patch, yellow dots were the most common dermoscopic findings among the study population, followed by black dots, vellus hair, broken hair, and piggy tail hair. Conclusion Black dots were the most common dermoscopic findings at the periphery of the patch. Yellow dots were the most common dermoscopic findings at the center of patch among the study population.