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Elevated EEG power during daytime sleep was sustained through 6 h of time in bed. Slow wave energy was not significantly different from nighttime sleep after 6 h, reflecting a less efficient relief of sleep pressure.
Adaptation to daytime sleep following three consecutive simulated night shifts is limited. The increased homeostatic response and continuation of sleep pressure relief even after 6 h of sleep, are assumed to reflect a challenge for appropriate homeostatic reduction to occur.
Adaptation to daytime sleep following three consecutive simulated night shifts is limited. The increased homeostatic response and continuation of sleep pressure relief even after 6 h of sleep, are assumed to reflect a challenge for appropriate homeostatic reduction to occur.
The aim of this study was to examine whether the timing of sleep in the break between consecutive night-shifts affects the quantity and quality of sleep obtained during the daytime and/or neurobehavioural function and self-perceived capacity during the night-time.
Participants (n = 12, all male, aged 22.9±5.2 y) completed three randomised, counterbalanced conditions in a sleep laboratory, consisting of two consecutive 12-hour night-shifts (1800-0600) with 7 hours in bed in the break between shifts. The three conditions differed only in the timing of the sleep opportunities - immediate (0700-1400), delayed (1000-1700), split (0700-1030 and 1330-1700). Neurobehavioural function (attention, memory, throughput) and self-perceived capacity (sleepiness, alertness, fatigue, mood) were assessed at 2-hour intervals during the night-shifts.
Condition did not affect total sleep time (p = 0.465), but it did affect sleep onset latency (p < 0.001; W = 0.780; large effect), wake after sleep onset (p = 0.018; W = 0.e, those who work consecutive night-shifts should employ the strategy that best suits their personal preferences and/or circumstances.
Sleep is vital to cognition, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although sleep duration and continuity are two well-established contributors, additional factors-including homeostatic sleep drive processes-may also underlie cognition-related sleep restoration. This study investigates the relative contributions of sleep EEG factors to psychomotor functioning in adults with insomnia and healthy controls (HC) to identify the most significant sleep factors supporting psychomotor functioning.
Adults with insomnia (
= 37) and HC (
= 39) completed 3 nights of polysomnography and a complex psychomotor task (switching attention task; SAT). Univariate correlations identified the most significant predictors (traditional PSG, spectral EEG, initial delta peak, and overnight delta decline) of SAT performance, which were then entered into multivariable linear regressions examining whether predictors remained significant after accounting for shortened/fragmented sleep and whether relationships differed across gy from and dissipation of homeostatic sleep drive may support psychomotor performance and broadly support daytime functioning in individuals with and without insomnia. Future research may examine overnight delta dynamics as transdiagnostic processes supporting cognition-related sleep restoration across a range of clinical populations.
Cognitive impairment is a rapidly growing global public health problem in China and worldwide. In the recent decades, emerging studies have explored the associations between sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment. However, the variety of the results imply us that further studies should be conducted for the associations.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted between August and October 2018 in five cities in Hebei province, China. Subjects were 21,376 community residents. Cognitive impairment was screened by the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Scales of Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), REM (rapid eye movement) Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire (RBDQ-HK), Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (CUNS), and Cambridge-Hopkins Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (CH-RLSq) were used to access insomnia, sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome.
The mean ± SD (standard error) of MMSE, AIS, RBDQ-HK, and CUNS were 27.95 ± nea, REM sleep behavior disorder, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and cognitive impairment were not supported among community residents.
This study provides some epidemiological evidence for the association between sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment among community residents in central China. In this study, the associations between insomnia, narcolepsy, and cognitive impairment were identified, but the associations between sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and cognitive impairment were not supported among community residents.
Self-medication (SM) is a customary practice around the globe. Appropriate SM comes with many advantages, yet irrational SM is a concern and could lead to adverse drug events and poor health outcomes.
This college-based cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2021 among Najran University undergraduate medical students to investigate the prevalence and practice of, and attitudes towards SM. Data were collected using a bilingual self-administered online questionnaire, which was categorized into sections, such as socio-demographic details, attitude towards SM, and practice of SM during the last six months, along with students' opinions and suggestions regarding SM. The three-item scale was used to assess the students' attitude. IBM SPSS was used to perform the cross-tabulation, chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression.
Overall, 205 undergraduate medical students (58.6%) responded to the survey. The overall prevalence of SM was 60%, of which 25% used antibiotics as SM drugs. Heade prevalence of SM during the last six months was 60%, and antibiotics were used by 25% of students. ABT-199 mouse A significant negative correlation was observed between attitudes towards and practice of SM. Although medical students of Najran University displayed responsible behavior towards SM, efforts should be made to educate them about the adverse consequences of SM, especially with antibiotics.
Physical restraint (PR) is widespread use among older adults in long-term care (LTC) facilities, which has negative effects on older adults' health and quality of care. Considering that research on PR use in Chinese LTC facilities is rare, assessment of nursing staff's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) is a prerequisite before minimized PR program and staff training project development.
This study aimed at determining the differentiation of levels and factors of KAP toward PR use between nurses and nursing assistants in LTC facilities.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in six Chinese LTC facilities from November to December in 2019 and May to June in 2020. A total of 316 nursing staff, comprising 69 nurses and 247 nursing assistants were investigated using the Chinese version of the Staff Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire regarding PR. One-way analysis of variance, chi-squared test, Welch test, the Mann-Whitney
-test, and multiple linear regression were performed for data anal assistants. The targeted and stratified PR education approaches were suggested to prompt their KAP.
Specific knowledge deficits, negative fields of attitude, and practice were dissimilar between nurses and nursing assistants. The targeted and stratified PR education approaches were suggested to prompt their KAP.
This study aimed to explore health-care workers' perceptions of patient safety culture (PSC) at primary health-care centers (PHCs) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and the factors that influence them. An additional aim was to identify the challenges of adopting PSCs in the PHCs of this region.
This is a cross-sectional study that adopted a PSC questionnaire from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The questionnaire was administered online and onsite targeted health-care workers at private, governmental, and quasi-governmental PHCs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with 310 participants completing the survey.
The overall positive response rate of participants to the survey areas was 43.5% which is lower than the average for the AHRQ data in general.
scored the highest positive response (68.8%) while
and non-punitive
scored the lowest at 10.6% and 30.7%, respectively. In addition, ANOVA and
-tests were used to determine the bivariate associations for the parametdered a means of learning from mistakes; it should also be considered the first step towards preventing injury and improving patient safety.
The issue of employee engagement has increasingly become a focus of concern in public management practice. Based on the theory of purposeful work behavior, integrative theory of employee engagement and Pratt and Ashforth's typology of work meaningfulness, this study proposes and examines the mediating effects of two types of meaningfulness between transformational leadership and work engagement and the moderating effects of transformational leadership on the relationship between two types of meaningfulness and work engagement.
By adopting a multilevel cross-sectional design, this study examines assumed mediation and moderation effects. The data collection was conducted anonymously by means of an online survey. A total of 261 local police officers from 32 police stations were recruited in professional training programs as a sample.
The analysis reveals that both meaningfulness in work and meaningfulness at work positively mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. T role of work meaningfulness proposed by the theoretical frameworks of the theory of purposeful work behavior, integrative theory of employee engagement and Pratt and Ashforth's typology of work meaningfulness, but also further extend and clarify the role of and difference in two substructures of work meaningfulness (ie, work meaningfulness in work and at work) in the context of the linkage between transformational leadership and work engagement.
Job crafting can improve employees' performance and competitive advantage. This study integrated the self-determination and equity theories to examine the relation between an individual's Confucianism and job crafting by highlighting the mediating effect of psychological contract fulfilment and the moderating effect of distributive justice on this relation.
Data were collected in two waves from 372 employees in numerous private companies in Guangxi, China.
The hypothesized model was supported in part. Specifically, as expected, psychological contract fulfilment mediated the positive relation between Confucianism and task crafting and cognitive crafting. Confucianism had a positive effect on psychological contract fulfilment and relational crafting, while psychological contract fulfilment had no mediating effect and its positive effect on relational crafting was not significant. Distributive justice moderated the relation between psychological contract fulfilment and cognitive crafting and task crafting positively.
