Gotfredsenburch1335

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Although friendship as a social behaviour is an evolved trait that shares many similarities with kinship, there is a key difference to choose friends, one must select few from many. Homophily, i.e., a similarity-based friendship choice heuristic, has been shown to be the main factor in selecting friends. Its function has been associated with the efficiency of collective action via synchronised mental states. Recent empirical results question the general validity of this explanation. Here I offer an alternative hypothesis similarity-based friendship choice is an individual-level adaptive response to falling clustering coefficient of the social network typical during urbanisation, falling fertility, increased migration. The mathematical model shows how homophily as a friend-choice heuristic affects the network structure (1) homophilic friendship choice increases the clustering coefficient; (2) network proximity-based and similarity-based friendship choices have additive effects on the clustering coefficient; and (3) societies that face falling fertility, urbanisation, and migration, are likely go through a u-shaped transition period in terms of clustering coefficient. These findings suggest that social identity can be seen as an emergent phenomenon and is the consequence, rather than the driver of, homophilic social dynamics, and offer an alternative explanation for the rise of "fake news" as a societal phenomenon.Although fibrosis depicts a reparative mechanism, maladaptation of the heart due to excessive production of extracellular matrix accelerates cardiac dysfunction. The anthraquinone Rhein was examined for its anti-fibrotic potency to mitigate cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Primary human ventricular cardiac fibroblasts were subjected to hypoxia and characterized with proteomics, transcriptomics and cell functional techniques. Knowledge based analyses of the omics data revealed a modulation of fibrosis-associated pathways and cell cycle due to Rhein administration during hypoxia, whereas p53 and p21 were identified as upstream regulators involved in the manifestation of cardiac fibroblast phenotypes. Mechanistically, Rhein acts inhibitory on HDAC classes I/II as enzymatic inhibitor. Rhein-mediated cellular effects were linked to the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-dependent protein stabilization of p53 under normoxic but not hypoxic conditions. Functionally, Rhein inhibited collagen contraction, indicating anti-fibrotic property in cardiac remodeling. This was accompanied by increased abundance of SMAD7, but not SMAD2/3, and consistently SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2. In conclusion, this study identifies Rhein as a novel potent direct HDAC inhibitor that may contribute to the treatment of cardiac fibrosis as anti-fibrotic agent. As readily available drug with approved safety, Rhein constitutes a promising potential therapeutic approach in the supplemental and protective intervention of cardiac fibrosis.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.This paper shows that the inverse chirp z-transform (ICZT), which generalizes the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) off the unit circle in the complex plane, can also be used with chirp contours that perform partial or multiple revolutions on the unit circle. This is done as a special case of the ICZT, which in algorithmic form has the same computational complexity as the IFFT, i.e., O(n log n). Here we evaluate the ICZT algorithm for chirp contours on the unit circle and show that it is numerically accurate for large areas of the parameter space. The numerical error in this case depends on the polar angle between two adjacent contour points. Navitoclax More specifically, the error profile for a transform of size n is determined by the elements of the Farey sequence of order n - 1. Furthermore, this generalization allows the use of non-orthogonal frequency components, thus lifting one of the main restrictions of the IFFT.The rotation-vibration (Coriolis) coupling contribution to variationally computed rovibrational energy levels is investigated, employing triatomic AB[Formula see text] molecules as models. In particular, calculations are performed for H[Formula see text][Formula see text]O, across a range of vibrational and rotational excitations, both with and without the Coriolis contribution. A variety of different embedding choices are considered, together with a hierarchy of increasingly severe approximations culminating in a generalized version of the so-called "centrifugal sudden" method. Several surprising and remarkable conclusions are found, including that the Eckart embedding is not the best embedding choice.Circulating miRNAs have attracted attention as serum biomarkers for several diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNA-21 (miR-21) as a novel biomarker for elderly patients with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS-2). A total of 157 elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were recruited for the study. According to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) cut-off of 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 84 patients (53.5%) and 73 patients (46.5%) were assigned to the CRS group and the CHF group, respectively. Expression levels of serum miR-21 and biomarkers for CRS, such as kidney injury factor-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-related apolipoprotein (NGAL), cystatin C (Cys C), amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), N-acetyl-κ-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), were detected. Serum miR-21, KIM-1, NGAL, Cys C, NT-proBNP and H-FABP levels were significantly higher in the CRS group than in the CHF group (P  0.05). Cys C, H-FABP and eGFR correlated significantly with miR-21 expression, but correlations with miR-21 were not significant for NT-proBNP, NGAL, NAG and KIM-1. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression found that serum miR-21, increased serum Cys C, serum KIM-1, hyperlipidaemia and ejection fraction (EF) were independent influencing factors for CRS (P  less then  0.05). The AUC of miR-21 based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.749, with a sensitivity of 55.95% and a specificity of 84.93%. Furthermore, combining miR-21 with Cys C enhanced the AUC to 0.902, with a sensitivity of 88.1% and a specificity of 83.6% (P  less then  0.001). Our findings suggest that circulating miR-21 has medium diagnostic value in CRS-2. The combined assessment of miR-21 and Cys C has good clinical value in elderly patients with CRS-2.