Gormangarrett3257

Graphene subjected to chiral-symmetric disorder is believed to host zero energy modes (ZEMs) resilient to localization, as suggested by the renormalization group analysis of the underlying nonlinear sigma model. We report accurate quantum transport calculations in honeycomb lattices with in excess of 10^9 sites and fine meV resolutions. The Kubo dc conductivity of ZEMs induced by vacancy defects (chiral BDI class) is found to match 4e(2)/πh within 1% accuracy, over a parametrically wide window of energy level broadenings and vacancy concentrations. Our results disclose an unprecedentedly robust metallic regime in graphene, providing strong evidence that the early field-theoretical picture for the BDI class is valid well beyond its controlled weak-coupling regime.Here we provide a picture of transport in quantum well heterostructures with a periodic driving field in terms of a probabilistic occupation of the topologically protected edge states in the system. This is done by generalizing methods from the field of photon-assisted tunneling. We show that the time dependent field dresses the underlying Hamiltonian of the heterostructure and splits the system into sidebands. Each of these sidebands is occupied with a certain probability which depends on the drive frequency and strength. This leads to a reduction in the topological transport signatures of the system because of the probability to absorb or emit a photon. Therefore when the voltage is tuned to the bulk gap the conductance is smaller than the expected 2e(2)/h. We refer to this as photon-inhibited topological transport. Nevertheless, the edge modes reveal their topological origin in the robustness of the edge conductance to disorder and changes in model parameters. In this work the analogy with photon-assisted tunneling allows us to interpret the calculated conductivity and explain the sum rule observed by Kundu and Seradjeh.The electronic structure and phase stability of paramagnetic FeSe is computed by using a combination of ab initio methods for calculating band structure and dynamical mean-field theory. Our results reveal a topological change (Lifshitz transition) of the Fermi surface upon a moderate expansion of the lattice. The Lifshitz transition is accompanied with a sharp increase of the local moments and results in an entire reconstruction of magnetic correlations from the in-plane magnetic wave vector, (π,π) to (π,0). We attribute this behavior to a correlation-induced shift of the van Hove singularity originating from the d(xy) and d(xz)/d(yz) bands at the M point across the Fermi level. We propose that superconductivity is strongly influenced, or even induced, by a van Hove singularity.Using first-principles calculations, we determined the epitaxial-strain dependence of the ground state of the 1∶1 SrCrO(3)/SrTiO(3) superlattice. The superlattice layering leads to significant changes in the electronic states near the Fermi level, derived from Cr t(2g) orbitals. An insulating phase is found when the tensile strain is greater than 2.2% relative to unstrained cubic SrTiO(3). The insulating character is shown to arise from Cr t(2g) orbital ordering, which is produced by an in-plane polar distortion that couples to the superlattice d bands and is stabilized by epitaxial strain. This effect can be used to engineer the band structure near the Fermi level in transition metal oxide superlattices.A gap in understanding the link between continuum theories of ion transport in ionic liquids and the underlying microscopic dynamics has hindered the development of frameworks for transport phenomena in these concentrated electrolytes. Here, we construct a continuum theory for ion transport in ionic liquids by coarse graining a simple exclusion process of interacting particles on a lattice. The resulting dynamical equations can be written as a gradient flow with a mobility matrix that vanishes at high densities. This form of the mobility matrix gives rise to a charging behavior that is different to the one known for electrolytic solutions, but which agrees qualitatively with the phenomenology observed in experiments and simulations.The pressure-induced transformation of diatomic nitrogen into nonmolecular polymeric phases may produce potentially useful high-energy-density materials. Selleckchem mTOR inhibitor We combine first-principles calculations with structure searching to predict a new class of nitrogen-rich boron nitrides with a stoichiometry of B(3)N(5) that are stable or metastable relative to solid N(2) and h-BN at ambient pressure. The most stable phase at ambient pressure has a layered structure (h-B(3)N(5)) containing hexagonal B(3)N(3) layers sandwiched with intercalated freely rotating N(2) molecules. At 15 GPa, a three-dimensional C222(1) structure with single N-N bonds becomes the most stable. This pressure is much lower than that required for triple-to-single bond transformation in pure solid nitrogen (110 GPa). More importantly, C222(1)-B(3)N(5) is metastable, and can be recovered under ambient conditions. Its energy density of ∼3.44  kJ/g makes it a potential high-energy-density material. In addition, stress-strain calculations estimate a Vicker's hardness of ∼44  GPa. Structure searching reveals a new clathrate sodalitelike BN structure that is metastable under ambient conditions.Ceramics are strong, but their low fracture toughness prevents extended engineering applications. In particular, boron carbide (B(4)C), the third hardest material in nature, has not been incorporated into many commercial applications because it exhibits anomalous failure when subjected to hypervelocity impact. To determine the atomistic origin of this brittle failure, we performed large-scale (∼200,000  atoms/cell) reactive-molecular-dynamics simulations of shear deformations of B(4)C, using the quantum-mechanics-derived reactive force field simulation. We examined the (0001)/⟨101̅0⟩ slip system related to deformation twinning and the (011̅1̅)/⟨1̅101⟩ slip system related to amorphous band formation. We find that brittle failure in B(4)C arises from formation of higher density amorphous bands due to fracture of the icosahedra, a unique feature of these boron based materials. This leads to negative pressure and cavitation resulting in crack opening. Thus, to design ductile materials based on B(4)C we propose alloying aimed at promoting shear relaxation through intericosahedral slip that avoids icosahedral fracture.The distribution function of suprathermal ions is found to be self-similar under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion hot spots. By utilizing this feature, interference between the hydrodynamic instabilities and kinetic effects is for the first time assessed quantitatively to find that the instabilities substantially aggravate the fusion reactivity reduction. The ion tail depletion is also shown to lower the experimentally inferred ion temperature, a novel kinetic effect that may explain the discrepancy between the exploding pusher experiments and rad-hydro simulations and contribute to the observation that temperature inferred from DD reaction products is lower than from DT at the National Ignition Facility.Hydrodynamic instabilities can cause capsule defects and other perturbations to grow and degrade implosion performance in ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Here, we show the first experimental demonstration that a strong unsupported first shock in indirect drive implosions at the NIF reduces ablation front instability growth leading to a 3 to 10 times higher yield with fuel ρR>1  g/cm(2). This work shows the importance of ablation front instability growth during the National Ignition Campaign and may provide a path to improved performance at the high compression necessary for ignition.We report a new type of phononic crystals with topologically nontrivial band gaps for both longitudinal and transverse polarizations, resulting in protected one-way elastic edge waves. In our design, gyroscopic inertial effects are used to break the time-reversal symmetry and realize the phononic analogue of the electronic quantum (anomalous) Hall effect. We investigate the response of both hexagonal and square gyroscopic lattices and observe bulk Chern numbers of 1 and 2, indicating that these structures support single and multimode edge elastic waves immune to backscattering. These robust one-way phononic waveguides could potentially lead to the design of a novel class of surface wave devices that are widely used in electronics, telecommunication, and acoustic imaging.A conceptual mechanism of amplification of phonons by phonons on the basis of a nonlinear band-gap transmission (supratransmission) phenomenon is presented. As an example, a system of weakly coupled chains of anharmonic oscillators is considered. One (source) chain is driven harmonically by a boundary with a frequency located in the upper band close to the band edge of the ladder system. Amplification happens when a second (gate) chain is driven by a small signal in the counterphase and with the same frequency as the first chain. If the total driving of both chains overcomes the band-gap transmission threshold, the large amplitude band-gap soliton emerges and the amplification scenario is realized. The mechanism is interpreted as the nonlinear superposition of evanescent and propagating nonlinear modes manifesting in a single or double soliton generation working in band-gap or bandpass regimes, respectively. The results could be straightforwardly generalized for all-optical or all-magnonic contexts and have all the promise of logic gate operations.We present the first experimental observation of resonance-assisted tunneling, a wave phenomenon, where regular-to-chaotic tunneling is strongly enhanced by the presence of a classical nonlinear resonance chain. For this we use a microwave cavity made of oxygen free copper with the shape of a desymmetrized cosine billiard designed with a large nonlinear resonance chain in the regular region. It is opened in a region, where only chaotic dynamics takes place, such that the tunneling rate of a regular mode to the chaotic region increases the line width of the mode. Resonance-assisted tunneling is demonstrated by (i) a parametric variation and (ii) the characteristic plateau and peak structure towards the semiclassical limit.Broadband atmospheric phase spectra are acquired with a phase-sensitive dual-frequency-comb spectrometer by implementing adaptive compensation for the strong decoherence from atmospheric turbulence. The compensation is possible due to the pistonlike behavior of turbulence across a single spatial-mode path combined with the intrinsic frequency stability and high sampling speed associated with dual-comb spectroscopy. The atmospheric phase spectrum is measured across 2 km of air at each of the 70,000 comb teeth spanning 233  cm(-1) across hundreds of near-infrared rovibrational resonances of CO(2), CH(4), and H(2)O with submilliradian uncertainty, corresponding to a 10(-13) refractive index sensitivity. Trace gas concentrations extracted directly from the phase spectrum reach 0.7 ppm uncertainty, demonstrated here for CO(2). While conventional broadband spectroscopy only measures intensity absorption, this approach enables measurement of the full complex susceptibility even in practical open path sensing.