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Spermatozoa acquire motility and fertilizing ability during their transit through the epididymis. A wide variety of proteins secreted into the epididymal lumen are added on to the sperm surface to allow morphological and molecular changes involved in sperm maturation. Proteins of the Sperm Associated Antigen 11 (SPAG11) family are known to be localized on the sperm surface. The rat SPAG11A protein was implicated in sperm maturation during epididymal transit in vitro. However, systematic analyses on the significance of SPAG11A in fertility and sperm function is not yet reported in vivo. In this study, using testicular electroporation, we generated transgenic rats that express shRNA to ablate endogenous Spag11a mRNA. Genotyping revealed the integration of the plasmid that expresses shRNA against Spag11a mRNA. Significant decrease in the mRNA levels of Spag11a and its encoded protein was observed in the caput epididymis of transgenic rats. We also generated an active immunization rat model to ablate endogenous SPAG11A protein by administering recombinant SPAG11A protein. Immunized rats had a high antibody titer in the serum and the tissue fluids of caput, cauda and testis. In both these model systems, the litter size and sperm count was significantly reduced. However, spermatozoa obtained from the transgenic or immunized rats underwent capacitation and acrosome reaction and the associated calcium release. Results of this study indicate the role of SPAG11A in fecundity and sperm production and not in sperm function, especially capacitation and acrosome reaction.

Medication errors in hospitalized children represent a serious health problem; these include dosing errors, administration route errors, errors in identifying the patient and more. The rates of medication errors are considered higher in children compared to adults because, among other reasons, the pediatric dose is calculated according to the child's weight or body surface. This study aims to examine the incidence of pediatric medication dosing errors and the impact of an intervention program in reducing these errors and related adverse effects in a cohort of hospitalized children at an otolaryngology department.

We reviewed 100 computerized medical reports of hospitalized children from 2017 to 2018, including 50 inpatient admissions prior to the implementation of an intervention program and 50 inpatient admissions following its implementation. Data includes demographic variables, number of hospitalization days, rates and types of medication errors and adverse effects. We have analyzed the rates of medicatalized children are common, although rates of adverse events are low. The suggested intervention program demonstrates a significant reduction in the rates of these errors, thus improving the safety of hospitalized children.

The incidence of complications due to acute otitis media (AOM) in childhood has decreased significantly with the use of new antibiotics in recent years. However, acute mastoiditis (AM) is still the most common complication that can lead to further intracranial conditions with high morbidity. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of children with AM and identify possible indicators for further intracranial complications associated with this condition.

Children hospitalized in our clinic with a diagnosis of AM were reviewed. Demographic data, disease-related symptoms, types of complications accompanied by AM, medical/surgical treatments modalities, and culture results were screened. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without intracranial complications (ICCs). Routine complete blood count tests, biochemical analysis, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level measurement were evaluated and compared between the groups.

Of the 28 AM patients, five (17.9%) had isolated AM. in childhood and can lead to further life-threatening conditions. Additional interventions according to the type of the complication with VT insertion is safe and effective in the management of AM. In patients with AM, it is of great importance to determine whether there is an accompanying ICC. The CRP-albumin ratio is a simple and reliable calculation to detect ICCs in patients with AM.

AM remains to be the most common complication of AOM in childhood and can lead to further life-threatening conditions. Additional interventions according to the type of the complication with VT insertion is safe and effective in the management of AM. In patients with AM, it is of great importance to determine whether there is an accompanying ICC. The CRP-albumin ratio is a simple and reliable calculation to detect ICCs in patients with AM.

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with neurocognitive deficits. Cerebral structural alterations in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus have been reported in adult OSA patients. These brain areas are important for executive functioning, motor regulation of breathing, and memory function, respectively. Corresponding evidence comparing cerebral structures in pediatric OSA patients is limited. The objective of this study is to investigate MRI differences in cortical thickness and cortical volume in children with and without OSA.

Prospective, single institutional case-control study.

Forty-five children were recruited at a pediatric tertiary care center (27 with OSA; mean age 9.9±1.9 years, and 18 controls; mean age 10.5±1.0 years). The OSA group underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), polysomnography (PSG) and completed the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and the Child's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). High-resolution T1-weighted MRI was utilized to examine cokness and GM and WM regional brain volumes in children with OSA. These findings are consistent with other pediatric studies, which also report differences between healthy children and those with OSA. We found that the severity of OSA does not correlate with the extent of MRI alterations.

The diagnosis of ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, and the number of frenotomies performed has increased over 10-fold from 1997 to 2012 in the United States. The sharpest increase has been in neonates. For parents considering frenotomy for their breastfeeding newborn, there is controversy surrounding the evaluation of tongue-tie and the benefit of a frenotomy. Complications from tongue-tie procedures are thought to be low, though it is not well reported nor studied.

The aim of this study is to describe a case of a sublingual mucocele after laser frenotomy in a neonate with tongue-tie and to investigate major complications reported after tongue-tie release in pediatric patients through a systematic review of the literature.

We present a 6-week-old female who underwent a laser frenotomy procedure performed by a dentist who presented with a new cyst under her tongue.

A systematic literature search of articles published from 1965 to April 2020 was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid EMBASE, and Scopus. Citatiocking. Risks to neonates may be different than risks to older children and adults. Practitioners across different specialties should be monitoring and studying this more rigorously to better guide patients and families on the risks and benefits of this procedure.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nintedanib plus docetaxel in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with both chemo- and immunotherapy.

LUME-BioNIS is a European, prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma NSCLC, who initiated nintedanib plus docetaxel after first-line chemotherapy in routine practice according to the approved nintedanib EU label. The primary objective is to explore whether molecular biomarkers can predict overall survival (OS). Information on clinical or radiologic progression and death, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs)/fatal adverse events (AEs) was collected during follow-up. Here, we report a subgroup analysis evaluating outcomes in immunotherapy-pretreated patients.

Of 260 enrolled patients, 67 (25.8%) had prior immunotherapy and were included in this subgroup analysis. Prior immunotherapy was administered in first-line in 20 patients (29.9%; combined with chemotherapye data add to the real-world evidence that can inform clinical decisions in the changing therapeutic landscape.

Used according to the approved nintedanib label in routine practice, nintedanib plus docetaxel demonstrated clinical effectiveness, with no unexpected safety findings, in patients with prior chemotherapy and first- or later-line immunotherapy. These data add to the real-world evidence that can inform clinical decisions in the changing therapeutic landscape.Compared to heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure, respiratory rate is the vital sign that has been often overlooked, largely due to the lack of easily accessible tool for reliable and natural respiration monitoring. To address this unmet need, we designed and built a wearable, stand-alone, fully integrated mask device for accurate tracking of respiration in free-living conditions. The wearable mask device can provide comprehensive respiration information in a wearable and wireless manner. It can not only accurately measure respiratory rate, tidal volume, respiratory minute volume, and peak flow rate but also recognize unique respiration pattern of the subject via Principle Component Analysis (PCA) algorithms. The reported wearable mask device and respiratory pattern recognition algorithms could be widely used in routine clinical examination, lung function assessment, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management, metabolic rate measurement, capnography, spirometry, sleep pattern analysis, and biometrics.Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been explored as an extremely promising biomarker of liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diseases such as cancer, in which sensitive and selective detection is significant. Herein, we describe the construction and testing of an electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive detection of exosomal miRNAs. It is based on synthetizing numerous long single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs), which are produced by dual amplification reactions of target-triggered cyclic strand displacement reaction (TCSDR) and primer exchange DNA amplification reaction (PEDAR). In the first signal amplification step, target miRNAs are captured by the hairpin DNA strands (capture probes, Cp) that are immobilized on electrode. After strand unfolding with target capture, primer probes (Pp) enable to hybridize with Cp. And then target miRNAs were displaced for starting the TCSDR process that enable the introduction of numerous primers in Pp. In the second signal amplification step, the primers associated with PEDAR produce copious amounts of elongated ssDNAs. These ssDNAs absorb abundant quantities of methylene blue (MB) that enables the highly sensitive and label-free detection of exosomal miRNAs. This dual amplification process is characterized by a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.04 aM. In addition, the electrochemical biosensor exhibits good selectivity for miR-21 detection, and shows benefits of simple operation, low cost, portability. 1-NM-PP1 mouse Overall, the electrochemical biosensor provides a promising platform for the early diagnosis and screening of tumor biomarkers and the development of devices for point-of-care testing (POCT).