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Moreover, miR-222-3p was a target of HOTAIR, and its overexpression and knockdown could suppress and aggravate IL-1β-induced chondrocytes injury. Furthermore, restoring ADAM10, a target gene of miR-222-3p, counteracted the protective role of miR-222-3p upregulation.

HOTAIR might contribute to IL-1β-induced chondrocytes death, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and oxidative stress in OA via miR-222-3p/ADAM10 axis.

HOTAIR might contribute to IL-1β-induced chondrocytes death, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and oxidative stress in OA via miR-222-3p/ADAM10 axis.For the first time, this study addresses the intensification of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) treatments using high-power ultrasound (HPU) for the inactivation of fungal (Aspergillus niger) and bacterial (Clostridium butyricum) spores in oil-in-water emulsions. The inactivation kinetics were analyzed at different pressures (100, 350 and 550 bar) and temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 85 °C), depending on the microorganism, and compared to the conventional thermal treatment. The inactivation kinetics were satisfactorily described using the Weibull model. Experimental results showed that SC-CO2 enhanced the inactivation level of both spores when compared to thermal treatments. Bacterial spores (C.butyricum) were found to be more resistant to SC-CO2 + HPU, than fungal (A.niger) ones, as also observed in the thermal and SC-CO2 treatments. The application of HPU intensified the SC-CO2 inactivation of C.butyricum spores, e.g. shortening the total inactivation time from 10 to 3 min at 85 °C. However, HPU did not affect the SC-CO2 inactivation of A.niger spores. The study into the effect of a combined SC-CO2 + HPU treatment has to be necessarily extended to other fungal and bacterial spores, and future studies should elucidate the impact of HPU application on the emulsion's stability.

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new, background- and radiation-free tomographic imaging method that enables near real-time imaging of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with high temporal and spatial resolution. This phantom study aims to investigate the potential of MPI for visualization of the stent lumen in intracranial flow diverters (FD).

Nitinol FD of different dimensions (outer diameter 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 5.5mm; total length 22-40mm) were scanned in vascular phantoms in a custom-built MPI scanner (in-plane resolution ~ 2mm, field of view 65mm length, 29mm diameter). Phantoms were filled with diluted (150) SPION tracer agent Ferucarbotran (10µmol (Fe)/ml; NaCL). Each phantom was measured in 32 different projections (overall acquisition time per image 3200ms, 5averages). After image reconstruction from raw data, two radiologists assessed image quality using a 5-point Likert scale. The signal intensity profile was measured using a semi-automatic evaluation tool.

MPI visualized the lumen of all FD without relevant differences between the stented vessel phantom and the reference phantom. At 3.5mm image quality was slightly inferior to the larger diameters. The FD themselves neither generated an MPI signal nor did they lead to relevant imaging artifacts. Ratings of both radiologists showed no significant difference, interrater reliability was good (ICC 0.84). A quantitative evaluation of the signal intensity profile did not reveal any significant differences (p>0.05) either.

MPI visualizes the lumen of nitinol FD stents in vessel phantoms without relevant stent-induced artifacts.

MPI visualizes the lumen of nitinol FD stents in vessel phantoms without relevant stent-induced artifacts.In mature individuals, hyaline cartilage demonstrates a poor intrinsic capacity for repair, thus even minor defects could result in progressive degeneration, impeding quality of life. Although numerous attempts have been made over the past years for the advancement of effective treatments, significant challenges still remain regarding the translation of in vitro cartilage engineering strategies from bench to bedside. This paper reviews the latest concepts on engineering cartilage tissue in view of biomaterial scaffolds, tissue biofabrication, mechanobiology, as well as preclinical studies in different animal models. The current work is not meant to provide a methodical review, rather a perspective of where the field is currently focusing and what are the requirements for bridging the gap between laboratory-based research and clinical applications, in light of the current state-of-the-art literature. While remarkable progress has been accomplished over the last 20 years, the current sophisticated strategies have reached their limit to further enhance healthcare outcomes. Considering a clinical aspect together with expertise in mechanobiology, biomaterial science and biofabrication methods, will aid to deal with the current challenges and will present a milestone for the furtherance of functional cartilage engineering.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death in adults. Trometamol concentration Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been associated with therapeutic failure and lethal outcomes for patients. However, published reports on the heterogeneity and TME in ESCC are scanty.

Five tumor samples and five corresponding non-malignant samples were subjected to scRNA-seq analysis. Bulk RNA sequencing data were retrieved in publicly available databases.

From the scRNA-seq data, a total of 128,688 cells were enrolled for subsequent analyses. Gene expression and CNV status exhibited high heterogeneity of tumor cells. We further identified a list of tumor-specific genes and four malignant signatures, which are potential new markers for ESCC. Metabolic analysis revealed that energy supply-related pathways are pivotal in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, significant differences were found in stromal and immune cells between the esophagus normal and tumor tissues, which promoted carcinogeJD009) and Research Development Fund of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (2019ZSFZ002 and 2019ZSFZ19).The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the cis-enol forms of some of β-diketones with different substitution in beta position, vis. H, CH3, and Ph ring, as the symmetric and asymmetric molecules, were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The results of DFT calculations were used to obtain the potential energy distribution (PED) by VEDA software. The PED results compared with the Gauss View animation, as our reassignments, and the experimental IR shifts upon deuteration of hydrogen in the OH and CHα. According to our study, the PED contributions, Gauss View animation and observed shifts show similar results for most of the bands which are not coupled with the OH and/or CHα bending, such as asymmetric and symmetric CH3 stretching and in-plane deformations, CH3 rocking vibrations and 8a, 19b, 9a, 15, 18a, and 12 motions of the phenyl ring. The largest discrepancies were observed in the 1700-1000 cm-1 region, likely due to the coupling with the OH and CHα in-plane bending vibrations, such as νaC = C-C = Ο, νsC = C-C = Ο and δOH.