Goldmanhelbo3234
All patients in both groups will receive antiplatelet agents and high-intensity statins, including 20 mg rosuvastatin or 40-80 mg atorvastatin or at the maximum tolerated dose. All of them will undergo MRI at recruitment and after 26 weeks. The primary outcomes are changes in intracranial atherosclerotic plaques in the MRI before and after 6 months treatment. This trial is being conducted at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan.
This trial has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (approval no. 202 002 482A3). Written informed consent will be obtained from all research participants. Study results will be published as peer-reviewed articles.
ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT05001984; Pre-results.
ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT05001984; Pre-results.
Compared with adults, adolescents in South Africa have larger gaps at each step of the HIV continuum of care resulting in low levels of viral suppression.
We conducted a systematic review and modified Delphi analysis of interventions addressing the HIV continuum of care for adolescents in South Africa. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar and online conference proceedings from the International AIDS Society, the International AIDS Conference, and the Conference on Retrovirology and Opportunistic Infections from 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2020. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluorofurimazine.html We then conducted a modified Delphi analysis with 29 researchers involved in the National Institutes of Health's Fogarty International-supported Adolescent HIV Implementation Science Alliance-South Africa to evaluate interventions for efficacy, feasibility and potential for scale-up.
We identified nine initial published articles containing interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa, including five interventions focused on HIV diagnosis, two on antiretroviral therapy adherence and two on retention in care. No studies addressed linkage to care or transition from paediatric to adult care. Two studies discussed intervention costs. In-home and HIV self-testing, community-based adherence support, and provision of adolescent-friendly services were the most impactful and scalable interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care.
Future interventions should work comprehensively across the adolescent HIV continuum of care and be tailored to the specific needs of adolescents.
Future interventions should work comprehensively across the adolescent HIV continuum of care and be tailored to the specific needs of adolescents.
Housing is a social determinant of health that impacts the health and well-being of children and families. Screening and referral to address social determinants of health in clinical and social service settings has been proposed to support families with housing problems. This study aims to identify housing screening questions asked of families in healthcare and social services, determine validated screening tools and extract information about recommendations for action after screening for housing issues.
The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Ovid Emcare, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from 2009 to 2021. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed literature that included questions about housing being asked of children or young people aged 0-18 years and their families accessing any healthcare or social service. We extracted data on the housing questions asked, source of housing questions, validity and descriptions of actions to address housing issues.
Forty-nine peer-reviewed papers met the incions.
A combination of punitive sentencing practices within ageing populations, compounded by the health challenges faced by people in prison, means that dedicated palliative care provision within prisons is a pressing requirement. However, evidence about exactly how quality palliative and end-of-life care is delivered in this environment remains sparse.This review aims to develop a typology of models of palliative and end-of-life care delivery within prisons in high-income countries to inform service development and policy.
We will conduct a scoping review of published studies and grey literature, following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. We will report data on models of palliative and end-of-life care delivery in prisons in high-income countries. Searches will be undertaken in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Social Sciences Citation Index and PsyINFO for all study types, published from 1 January 2000 to December 2021, and reference lists from key reviews and studies will be screened for additional references. We will also screen grey literature from within other high-income countries using a targeted search strategy. For published reports of original research, study quality and risk of bias will be assessed independently by two reviewers using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis of the data will be undertaken, integrating the results of the quality assessment.
Approval by research ethics committee is not required since the review only includes published and publicly accessible data. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidance.
The final protocol was registered with the Research Registry on 26 November 2021 (www.researchregistry.com).Unique ID number reviewregistry1260.
The final protocol was registered with the Research Registry on 26 November 2021 (www.researchregistry.com).Unique ID number reviewregistry1260.
The high demand for genetic tests and limited supply of genetics professionals has created a need for alternative service delivery models. Digital tools are increasingly being used to support multiple points in the genetic testing journey; however, none are transferable across multiple clinical specialties and settings nor do they encompass the entire trajectory of the journey. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the Genetics Adviser, an interactive, patient-facing, online digital health tool that delivers pre-test counselling, provides support during the waiting period for results, and returns results with post-test counselling, encompassing the entire patient genetic testing journey.
We will compare the Genetics Adviser paired with a brief genetic counselling session to genetic counselling alone in a randomised controlled trial. One hundred and forty patients who previously received uninformative genetic test results for their personal and family history of cancer will be recruited from familial can. Results will be shared through stakeholder workshops, national and international conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
NCT04725565.
NCT04725565.
Improved national Disease Surveillance Points systems (DSPs) in China have clarified mortality causes in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the variations and drivers of multiple mortality causes.
This was a retrospective cross-sectional surveillance study.
Original data in 1991 and 2000, and secondary data in 2010 and 2019 were collected from DSPs across China.
Standardised mortality rates (SMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) of the Chinese population in 1991, 2000, 2010 and 2019 were ascertained.
Changes in the Gini coefficients (
), computed using SMR, were decomposed into reranking (
) and proportionality (
) to identify variations in communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNN); non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injury. The CMR difference (in %) was partitioned into the demographic structure and non-demographic factors using the mortality-rate-difference method.
From 1991 to 2019, the overall CMR increased from 591.327/100 000 to 674.505/100 0trol measures targeting NCDs and specific causes are imperatively needed, and should be strengthened as the population ages, especially for males and rural populations.
To perform a systematic review on the characteristics of participants who attended screening programmes with blood glucose tests, lipid profiles or a combination of them, respectively.
Systematic review following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.
PubMed and Medline databases for English literature from 1 January 2000 to 1 April 2020.
Original observational studies that reported baseline characteristics of apparently healthy adult participants screening for diabetes and lipid disorders were included in this review.
We examined their sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle habits. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Appraisal of Cross-sectional Studies.
A total of 33 articles involving 38 studies in 22 countries were included and analysed in this systematic review. Overall, there was a higher participation rate among subjects who were female in all screening modalities (female vs male 46.6%or lipid screening in developed areas. These populations are also likely to be at higher risk of non-communicable diseases. Future studies should investigate the barriers and facilitators of screening among non-participants, where targeted interventions to enhance their screening uptake are warranted.
When combined, liver and stomach cancers are second only to lung cancer as the most common causes of cancer death for the indigenous Māori population of New Zealand-with Māori also experiencing substantial disparities in the likelihood of survival once diagnosed with these cancers. Since a key driver of this disparity in survival could be access to surgical treatment, we have used national-level data to examine surgical procedures performed on Māori patients with liver and stomach cancers and compared the likelihood and timing of access with the majority European population.
We examined all cases of liver and stomach cancers diagnosed during 2007-2019 on the New Zealand Cancer Registry (liver cancer 866 Māori, 2460 European; stomach cancer 953 Māori, 3192 European) and linked these cases to all inpatient hospitalisations that occurred over this time to identify curative and palliative surgical procedures. As well as descriptive analysis, we compared the likelihood of access to a given procedure between Māact that differences in overall access to curative surgical treatment were either marginal (liver) or absent (stomach).
Primary/elementary schools are crucial settings for early weight management interventions but effects on children's weight are small. This may be because the environments in which these schools are situated support unhealthy behaviours that lead to weight gain (obesogenic environments). Staff working in schools have a unique insight into the environmental factors that might affect their efforts to support child health and weight management interventions. The aim of this study is to explore the views of staff in relation to the perceived effects of the environmental context in which they deliver a child health promotion intervention.
Staff from five schools involved in delivering the Manchester Healthy Schools programme were interviewed (N=19). These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Three themes were produced opportunities to be healthy; importance of funding, resources and governance; and resources available to households and neighbourhoods.
The views of school staff were consistent with themes identified in other relevant literature.
