Goldjosephsen3063

al.Early-onset scoliosis is defined as a spinal curvature greater than 10° in children prior to 10 years of age. Untreated EOS may lead to progressively severe spinal deformity, impaired pulmonary development, restrictive lung disease, and both increased morbidity and mortality. Limitations of established conservative treatments include inability to correct severe deformity, as well as challenges with compliance when casting and bracing is applied. In addition, surgical treatment in the form of traditional growing rods requires regular surgical lengthenings and is associated with complications inherent with repeated invasive procedures and exposure to general anesthesia. MAGEC is an evolving magnetically controlled growing rod system for the treatment of EOS. After initial implantation, lengthening is achieved non-invasively by using magnetic external remote control. MAGEC offers the potential to control moderate and severe EOS, while avoiding repeated surgical procedures and associated complications. In this review, we examine the results from clinical, radiological and explant studies following the use of MAGEC, in the context of other established and emerging treatments for EOS. © 2020 Tsirikos and Roberts.Background The study was carried out to evaluate the anti-ulcerative and gastroprotective effect of DLBS2411, a bioactive fraction from Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume, in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods The rats were divided into five treatment groups, which were the Normal control group, Negative control group (ethanol-induced) and two treatment groups DLBS2411 at the doses of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 50 mg/kg BW, and the Positive control group treated with sucralfate at the dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Gastroprotective effect was measured by the ulcerative lesion index, ulcer surface area, percentage of lesion area, and cure ratio. Hematological and histopathological analyses were also conducted to gain additional data regarding the gastroprotective effect of DLBS2411 in the rats' stomachs. Results DLBS2411 was found to contain not less than 15% of total phenolic compounds. Treatment with DLBS2411 at doses of 25 mg/kg BW and 50 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the percentage of ulcer area in rats. The percentage of ulcer area for the Negative control group and both doses in the DLBS2411 treatment group reached 22.64±6.82%, 6.75±4.41%, and 6.18±4.63%, respectively. Ulcer surface area in the treatment groups and Positive control group also decreased. Histopathological data showed that gastric epithelial cells in the Negative control group were more severely ulcerated than in the treatment group of DLBS2411 and the Positive control group. Conclusion This study showed that DLBS2411 at the dose of 50 mg/kg BW was more effective in protecting the stomach lining than DLBS2411 at the dose of 25 mg/kg BW, as measured by percentage of ulceration inhibition and the ulcerative lesion index. © 2020 Tjandrawinata and Nailufar.Objective The amygdala structural and functional abnormalities have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the important role of the amygdala in stress responses and the susceptibility of the females to adolescent stress, the present study investigated the beneficial effects of Spirulina platensis microalgae (SP) as a neuroprotective supplement against adolescent stress-induced oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alterations, molecular and morphological remodeling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of adult female rats. Methods During the adolescent period (PNDs 30-40) rats were subjected to restraint stress (2 h/day for 10 days). Then, the animals were subjected to 15 days treatment (PNDs 41-55) with SP (200 mg/kg/day) followed by biochemical (BDNF and stress oxidative markers), molecular (BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B [TrkB] mRNA expression), and morphological (dendritic length and spines) assessments in the BLA. Results The study revealed that adolescent stress decreased BDNF levels and reduced apical dendritic length and branch points of pyramidal neurons in the BLA. In addition, chronic stress significantly increased oxidative stress parameters and decreased BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the BLA. Treatment with SP alleviated both biochemical, molecular, and neuroanatomical deficits that induced by adolescent stress. Conclusion Our findings provide important evidence that SP as a non-pharmacological intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanatomical biochemical, and molecular deficits in adulthood, and thus, reduce stress-related disorders. © 2020 Moradi-Kor et al.Information regarding new-onset posttransplant psychotic disorders and their effect on nonadherence and posttransplant outcome is quite limited. We report a case of new-onset posttransplant schizophrenia that led to death. The patient, a woman with Wilson disease but no history of psychiatric problems or a substance use disorder had undergone liver transplantation at age 21. SR4835 She married subsequently and bore children, being well able to handle her housework, child care, and full-time employment. She continued her medications as prescribed, and good graft function was maintained. At age 41, she experienced an episode of schizophrenia, then graft loss associated with nonadherence to immunosuppressive agents. Death ensued, occurring 6 months after the onset of schizophrenia. This case highlights the possibility that schizophrenia manifesting long after liver transplantation can result in graft loss and death due to medication nonadherence. Thus, awareness of the possibility of this rare clinical scenario is critical. © 2020 Anraku et al.Mucormycosis is an uncommon and acute fungal infection, with high morbidity and mortality. Traumatic mucormycosis mainly occurs in military conflicts, civilian trauma, and vehicle accidents. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and tsunamis also play a major role in causing mucormycosis by inoculation. Herein, we presented a case of trauma-related mucormycosis in a 70-year-old diabetic male. He referred to a specialty clinic due to the auricular swelling after having fallen and having a major trauma in his ear. Pathologic examination of necrotic cartilage revealed broad ribbon like aseptate hyphae. Antifungal therapy with amphotericin B deoxycholate (1.5 mg/kg/day) was administered for 6 weeks as an initial therapy, and the patient was discharged with a regimen of posaconazole oral solution (400 mg PO bid with meals) for 8 weeks. He followed up for one year and there was no recurrence of the infection. In conclusion, traumatic mucormycosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening fungal infection. Early diagnosis and surgical excision are essential regarding the management of this critical condition.