Goldbergmunk1895

Iron homeostasis may be implicated in the pathophysiology of antipsychotic-related akathisia. this website We performed a systematic review in six databases from database inception until 03/2020, conducting a meta-analysis of studies investigating iron metabolism in antipsychotic-treated patients with versus without akathisia. Using a fixed- and a random-effects model, standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated for levels of iron, ferritin, transferrin and total iron-binding capacity. Meta-regression analyses included sex, age, illness duration and antipsychotic treatment and dose. Subgroup analyses included chronic vs. acute akathisia and different diagnoses. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In 10 studies (n = 395), compared to non-akathisia patients (n = 213), iron levels were lower in patients with akathisia (n = 182; fixed-effect model SMD=-0.49, 95%CI=-0.28,-0.70, p less then 0.001; random-effects model SMD=-0.55, 95%CI=-0.14,-0.96, p = 0.008). For secondary outcomes, differences were significant regarding lower ferritin levels in patients with akathisia in the fixed-effect model (SMD=-0.32, 95%CI=-0.08,-0.55, p = 0.007), but not in the random-effects model (SMD=-0.29, 95%CI=0.20,-0.79, p = 0.24). None of the moderators/mediators had a significant effect on the group difference of iron levels. Subgroup analyses reported lower iron levels in both patients with chronic and acute akathisia vs. patients without. Iron levels for schizophrenia patients were lower in the fixed-effect model (SMD=-0.55, 95%CI=-0.23, -0.86, p less then 0.001), while a trend was observed in the random-effects model (SMD=-0.52, 95%CI=-0.07, -1.12, p = 0.08). The studies' quality was overall poor, with one exception. This meta-analysis suggests lower iron levels in akathisia patients, while ferritin differences were significant only in the fixed-effect model. Further data are required to promote the understanding of related pathways.Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in comparison with morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating among odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), unicystic ameloblastoma (UAB), and dentigerous cyst (DC). Study design Contrast-enhanced MRI, including DWI, was performed on 27 patients with the 3 lesions. Signal intensity characteristics were evaluated on T1- and T2-weighted MRI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cutoff value to most effectively differentiate among the 3 lesions was calculated with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results In total, 17 OKCs, 5 UABs, and 5 DCs were diagnosed histologically. There were no significant differences among them in signal intensity on T1- or T2-weighted images (P ≥ .13). On DWI, 14 of 17 OKCs showed restricted diffusion with a mean ADC value of 0.954 × 10-3 mm2/s. All 5 UABs and all 5 DCs exhibited facilitated diffusion with ADC values ≥ 2.150 × 10-3 mm2/s. The ADC cutoff to differentiate OKCs from UABs was 2.137 × 10-3 mm2/s (P = .01); UABs from DCs was 2.422 × 10-3 mm2/s (P = .03); and OKCs from DCs was 2.347 × 10-3 mm2/s (P = .01). Conclusions Addition of diffusion-weighted sequences to MRI jaw protocols can assist in the characterization of OKCs, UABs, and DCs.Objective and study design This narrative review summarizes the current state of art of radiation-related caries (RC), an aggressive disease that affects approximately 30% of post-head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) patients. Results RC mainly affects the tooth cervical areas and incisal/cuspal tips and develops 6 to 12 months after HNRT. Early RC signs include black/brownish tooth discoloration and enamel cracks, which progress to enamel delamination, exposing underlying dentin to a highly cariogenic oral environment and rapid tooth destruction/dental crown amputation. As RC advances and renders the tooth nonrestorable, it may lead to osteoradionecrosis spontaneously or upon extraction if the tooth is in a highly irradiated field of the oral cavity. This requires aggressive treatment, which would have a negative impact on a cancer survivor's quality of life and contribute to the incremental cost of cancer care. Chlorhexidine mouth rinses and topical fluoride applications are effective agents used in RC prevention; however, there are no well-established treatment protocols. Once RC progresses, dental restorations should be performed with adhesive materials in association with systematic fluoride application as illustrated in the clinical case presented in this review. Post-HNRT patients should be closely followed up for optimal RC prevention, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment. Conclusions Future clinical studies are necessary to establish a contemporary, clinically validated protocol for RC management.Objective The aim of this study was to compare time and storage space requirements, diagnostic performance, and consistency among 3 image recognition convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the evaluation of the relationships between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs. Study design Of 600 panoramic radiographs, 300 each were assigned to noncontact and contact groups based on the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal. The CNNs were trained twice by using cropped image patches with sizes of 70 × 70 pixels and 140 × 140 pixels. Time and storage space were measured for each system. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were determined. Intra-CNN and inter-CNN consistency values were calculated. Results Time and storage space requirements depended on the depth of CNN layers and number of learned parameters, respectively. The highest AUC values ranged from 0.88 to 0.93 in the CNNs created by 70 × 70 pixel patches, but there were no significant differences in diagnostic performance among any of the models with smaller patches. Intra-CNN and inter-CNN consistency values were good or very good for all CNNs. Conclusions The size of the image patches should be carefully determined to ensure acquisition of high diagnostic performance and consistency.