Gludmcdougall2784

In addition, modules connected in series can tolerate large driver time delay. The SPICE simulation and the double-pulse test are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed module. The protection performance test was also conducted by using a spark gap to simulate the breakdown fault. Finally, the switch that consists of 64 series-connected modules has been tested at 30 kV/6 A. The turn-off time is ∼5 µs, and the energy during the turn-off transition is 0.283 J. The results show that the switch has good performance.A multi-energy hard x-ray pin-hole camera based on the PILATUS3 X 100K-M CdTe detector has been developed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory for installation on the Tungsten Environment in Steady State Tokamak. This camera will be employed to study thermal plasma features such as electron temperature as well as non-thermal effects such as fast electron tails produced by a lower hybrid radiofrequency current drive and the birth of runaway electrons. The innovative aspect of the system lies in the possibility of setting the threshold energy independently for each of the ∼100k pixels of the detector. This feature allows for the measurement of the x-ray emission in multiple energy ranges with adequate space and time resolution (∼1 cm, 2 ms) and coarse energy resolution. In this work, the energy dependence of each pixel was calibrated within the range 15 keV-100 keV using a tungsten x-ray tube and emission from a variety of fluorescence targets (from yttrium to uranium). The data corresponding to pairs of Kα emission lines are fit to the characteristic responsivity ("S-curve"), which describes the detector sensitivity across the 64 possible energy threshold values for each pixel; this novel capability is explored by fine-tuning the voltage of a six-bit digital-analog converter after the charge-sensitive amplifier for each of the ∼100k pixels. This work presents the results of the calibration including a statistical analysis. It was found that the achievable energy resolution is mainly limited by the width of the S-curve to 3 keV-10 keV for threshold energies up to 50 keV, and to ≥20 keV for energies above 60 keV.We present the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of an oversampled generalized discrete Fourier transform (GDFT) filter bank (FB), optimized for its usage in the readout of cryogenic detectors, such as microwave kinetic inductance detectors. A polyphase structure is derived underlining the efficiency of complex-valued subband processing, raised by a GDFT modulation. this website For the latter, a fast Fourier algorithm realization may be used, yielding a highly efficient polyphase implementation for arbitrary integer decimation ratios. The FB is tested through a 16-channel GDFT channelizer. The implementation is based on the Xilinx Zynq family of FPGAs and aims to show the data reuse and flexibility offered by the GDFT channelizer structure. General design criteria are summarized for the 16-channel polyphase FB channelizer. The performance in hardware resource usage is also presented, taking into account one of the main objectives of the current physics experiments, aiming to have an extremely large readout format.We propose a novel radiation-enhanced dual-inverted bowlers antenna to pursue a maximal radiated electric field (E-field). Based on increasing the stored energy and the high-frequency component of the excitation pulse, the new structure significantly improves the radiation performance without increasing the generator output voltage or antenna size. Computer simulations show that the radiated E-field increases by a factor of 2.7 relative to the same sized conventional biconical antenna. Under a charge voltage of 300 kV, the experimental far-field voltage is 110 kV (22 kV/m at 5 m) and the voltage gain is 0.37. This voltage gain is an improvement of at least 23% over typical biconical antennas. This work brings new opportunities to improve the radiation performance of high-power mesoband systems.Structures, kinetics, and chemical reactivities at interfaces and surfaces are key to understanding many of the fundamental scientific problems related to chemical, material, biological, and physical systems. These steady-state and dynamical properties at interfaces and surfaces require even-order techniques with time-resolution and spectral-resolution. Here, we develop fourth-order interface-/surface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, including both two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy and two-dimensional electronic second harmonic generation (2D-ESHG) spectroscopy, for structural and dynamics studies of interfaces and surfaces. The 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG techniques were based on a unique laser source of broadband short-wave IR from 1200 nm to 2200 nm from a home-built optical parametric amplifier. With the broadband short-wave IR source, surface spectra cover most of the visible light region from 480 nm to 760 nm. A translating wedge-based identical pulses encoding system (TWINs) was introduced to generate a phase-locked pulse pair for coherent excitation in the 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG. As an example, we demonstrated surface dark states and their interactions of the surface states at p-type GaAs (001) surfaces with the 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG techniques. These newly developed time-resolved and interface-/surface-specific 2D spectroscopies would bring new information for structure and dynamics at interfaces and surfaces in the fields of the environment, materials, catalysis, and biology.We propose an improved point cloud global descriptor for recognition and grasping of similar workpieces. In the industry, different types of workpieces need to be recognized precisely in some intelligent systems. Deep learning requires a lot of preparation work, and it is difficult to adapt to the variety of workpieces. Furthermore, traditional descriptors based on point pairs cannot meet the requirements of identification. To solve this problem, the Outline Viewpoint Feature Histogram (Outline-VFH) descriptor remains part of the recognition ability of the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (VFH) descriptor and contains an extra outline description, which is established based on the oriented bounding box theory. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed descriptor, experiments were conducted on public dataset and some physical workpieces. The results show that the Outline-VFH is much better than VFH and some other descriptors on recognition and has great potential in vision-based robot grasping applications.