Gludknapp8507

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy and is characterized by slow growth and an indolent biological behavior. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is the PTC with the maximum size of the tumor less then 1cm, considered the most indolent form of thyroid cancer. PTC is usually metastasizes in cervical lymph nodes, lungs and bones and, less commonly, in brain or liver. Skeletal muscle metastases from PTC are extremely rare, a retrospective review of the literature revealed only 13 case reports. Among them, six cases are solitary skeletal muscle metastases, and seven are multiple metastases, most of them being associated with lung lesions. It seems that PTC is prone to metastasizing to the erector spinae and thigh muscles groups with unique cases located in trapezoid, biceps, deltoid, gastrocnemius and rectus abdominis muscles. Although extremely rare, one must bear in mind the fact that muscle metastasis from PTC is possible, and that is the reason we would like to discuss the existing clinical cases and to add a unique case of solitary skeletal muscle metastasis from papillary microcarcinoma.Visitor environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) is helpful for promoting the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Existing studies on visitor ERB tend to either focus on restraining visitors' environmental misconducts or rely on visitors' psychological factors. Based on the theory of engagement, this paper constructs a theoretical model to explain visitors' self-conscious ERB. Visitor engagement with the destination is investigated as an independent variable which leads to the improvement of relationship quality and visitor ERB. Relationship quality is explored to mediate the impact of visitor engagement on ERB. Selleckchem PD0332991 In addition, the moderating role of environmental clue on the tested relationships is also examined. This study adopts partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate a total of 410 valid questionnaires. The results show that (1) visitor engagement with the destination positively affects visitor ERB; (2) relationship quality mediates the impact of visitor engagement on visitor ERB; (3) environmental clue plays a significant moderating role in the effects of engagement and relationship quality on visitor ERB. The study extends theoretical perspectives on visitor ERB and customer engagement, and provides managerially practical value to better understand visitors' self-conscious ERB.Promoting tourism in China using sustainable practices has become a very important issue. In order to analyze temporal characteristics and spatial regularities of green total factor productivity (GTFP), carbon emissions and the consumption of energy related to tourism in China were estimated using a "bottom-up" method. The construction of a measurement framework (including carbon emissions and energy consumption) of GTFP for the tourism industry was also undertaken. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index were used to measure and calculate tourism GTFP in China between 2007 and 2018, as well as analyze spatio-temporal differences. Results indicate that (1) carbon emissions and the consumption of energy are increasing, and they have not yet peaked, with traffic associated with tourism accounting for the largest proportion among tourism sectors; the spatial distribution of carbon emissions and the consumption of energy is not balanced; (2) green development of tourism in China has achieved a good level of performance during the study period, driven by technical efficiency. Since 2014, pure technical efficiency (PE) has been >1, indicating that the tourism industry in China has entered a stage of change and promotion; (3) significant spatial differences exist in tourism GTFP in China. For example, the overall pattern of being strongest in the east and weakest in the west has not changed. Currently, eastern, central, and western regions in China rely on different dynamic mechanisms to promote tourism green development. In addition, some provinces have become the core or secondary growth poles of tourism green development in China.Waste management has become pertinent in urban regions, along with rapid population growth. The current ways of managing waste, such as refuse collection and recycling, are failing to minimise waste in cities. With urban populations growing worldwide, there is the challenge of increased pressure to import food from rural areas. Urban agriculture not only presents an opportunity to explore other means of sustainable food production, but for managing organic waste in cities. However, this opportunity is not taken advantage of. Besides, there is a challenge of mixed reactions from urban planners and policymakers concerning the challenges and benefits presented by using organic waste in urban agriculture. The current paper explores the perceived challenges and opportunities for organic waste utilisation and management through urban agriculture in the Durban South Basin in eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province of South Africa. It is anticipated that this information will be of use to the eThekwinirtant challenges. On the other hand, the significant perceived benefits associated with the utilisation of organic waste through urban agriculture were enhanced food and nutrition security, and opportunities for business incubation. Other important benefits established through qualitative data were an improved market expansion for farmers and improved productivity. Overall, despite the perceived challenges and risks, there is an opportunity to manage organic waste through urban agriculture. It is imperative for an integrated policy encompassing the food, climate and waste management to be developed to support this strategy. All stakeholders-the government, municipal authorities and urban agricultural initiatives should also, guided by the policy, support urban farmers, for example, through pieces of training on how to properly manage and recycle organic waste, land distribution, inputs availability and water usage rights among other things.Objective Cotinine is the preferred biomarker to validate levels of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in children. Compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods (ELISA) for quantifying cotinine in saliva, the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has higher sensitivity and specificity to measure very low levels of TSE. We sought to compare LC-MS/MS and ELISA measures of cotinine in saliva samples from children overall and the associations of these measures with demographics and TSE patterns. Method Participants were nonsmoking children (N = 218; age mean (SD) = 6.1 (5.1) years) presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Saliva samples were analyzed for cotinine using both LC-MS/MS and ELISA. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) for LC-MS/MS and ELISA was 0.1 ng/ml and 0.15 ng/ml, respectively. link2 Results Intraclass correlations (ICC) across methods = 0.884 and was consistent in sex and age subgroups. The geometric mean (GeoM) of LC-MS/MS = 4.1 (range 0.07, p less then 0.0001) were found regardless of cotinine detection method; however, cotinine associations with sex and race/ethnicity were only found to be significant in models using LC-MS/MS-derived cotinine. Conclusions Utilizing LC-MS/MS-based cotinine, associations of cotinine with sex and race/ethnicity of child were revealed that were not detectable using ELISA-based cotinine, demonstrating the benefits of utilizing the more sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for cotinine measurement when detecting low levels of TSE in children.Cultivated land systems have an enormous ecological function value with respect to water conversation, nutrient circulation and climate regulation. The people's cognition, willingness and behavior may prove to be pivotal in ecologically protecting cultivated land. The purpose of this paper is to explore suppliers' and demanders' cognition, willingness and behavior with respect to the ecological protection of cultivated land. The second-order structural equation model was employed, and a five-point Likert scale was designed. Based on data obtained from a questionnaire surveyed on a sample of 460 (farming and no-farming households) from Caidian district, Wuhan, China, the results show that within/between suppliers and demanders, there are mismatches in willingness as well as behavior to ecologically protect cultivated land. In the suppliers group and in the demanders group, there are mismatches with respect to the interactive mechanism of cognition, willingness and behavior in the ecological protection of cultie knowledge of the ecological value of cultivated land will incentivize their behavior with respect to the ecological protection of cultivated land.Recently developed super nested array families have drawn much attention owing to their merits on keeping the benefits of the standard nested arrays while further mitigating coupling in dense subarray portions. In this communication, a new mutual coupling model for nested arrays is constructed. Analyzing the structure of the newly formed mutual coupling matrix, a transformation of the distorted steering vector to separate angular information from the mutual coupling coefficients is revealed. By this property, direction of arrival (DOA) estimates can be determined via a grid search for the minimum of a determinant function of DOA, which is induced by the rank reduction property. We also extend the robust DOA estimation method to accommodate the unknown mutual coupling and gain-phase mismatches in the nested array. Compared with the schemes of super nested array families on reducing the mutual coupling effects, the solutions presented in this paper has two advantages (a) It is applicable to the standard nested arrays without rearranging the configuration to increase the inter-element spacing, alleviating the cross talk in dense uniform linear arrays (ULAs) as well as gain-phase errors in sparse ULA parts; (b) Perturbations in nested arrays are estimated in colored noise, which is significant but rarely discussed before. Simulations results corroborate the superiority of the proposed methods using fourth-order cumulants.This Special Issue on Healing Spaces includes eight articles consisting of studies at the interface between design and health. link3 The articles address some of the latest findings using state-of-the-art technologies, important outcomes for human health and wellbeing, and suggest exciting directions for the future of this research field.BACKGROUND A previous study in Japan found that monthly mean K index values were related to the monthly number of male, but not female, suicides. Correlations between geomagnetic disturbances and suicide/depression have also been reported in countries such as Canada, South Africa, Finland, Australia, Russia, and Japan. We have previously shown that stronger geomagnetism is linked to a higher standardized mortality ratio for suicide. To date, however, no published studies have reported the correlation between geomagnetic disturbances and suicide attempts in Taiwan. METHODS Data on the monthly number of suicide attempts in Taiwan from January 1997 to December 2013 were obtained. We performed a multivariable analysis, with the number of suicide attempts as the response variable and monthly Kp10 index, F10.7 index, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), temperature, humidity, unemployment rate, and cosmic rays as the explanatory variables. RESULTS The multivariable analysis showed that Kp10 index, temperature, humidity, unemployment rate, and cosmic rays were associated with the number of male suicide attempts and that Kp10 index, F10.