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2 mg/L) where sensitive life stages are used, and, specifically for C. riparius, endpoints linked to biochemical and gene expression effects could be as sensitive as or more sensitive than chronic endpoints, both of which were more sensitive than acute endpoints. These findings help in the development of WQC by demonstrating the suitability of inclusion of toxicity data from a range of sources, as well as adding to the overall pool of knowledge regarding sensitivity to ammonia which can be used in aquatic risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;001-13. © 2021 SETAC.Erianin is a small-molecule compound that is isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. In recent years, it has been found to have evident antitumor activity in various cancers, such as bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, we assessed the effect of erianin on lung cancer in terms of cell growth inhibition and the related mechanism. First, erianin at a concentration of less than 1 nmol/L exhibited cytotoxicity in H1975, A549, LLC lung cancer cells, did not cause marked growth inhibition in normal lung and kidney cells, induced obvious apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest of cells, and inhibited the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro. Second, in a mouse xenograft model of lewis lung cancer (LLC), oral administration of erianin (50, 35, and 10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 12 days) substantially inhibited nodule growth, reduced the fluorescence counts of lewis cells and the percentage vascularity of tumor tissues, increased the number of apoptotic tumor cells, the thymus indices, up-regulated the levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreased IL-10 levels and the spleen index, and enhanced immune function. Lastly, the possible targets of erianin were determined by molecular docking and verified via western blot assay. The results indicated that erianin may achieve the above effects via inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and vivo. Taken together, the results showed that erianin had obvious antitumor effects via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro and vivo and may have potential clinical value for the treatment of lung cancer.Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is known for treating various diseases, and particularly for exerting therapeutic effects in immune disorders. The adaptive immunoregulatory effects of CS aqueous extract (CSAE) on γ-irradiated mice have not been reported previously. The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of CSAE in mice immunosuppressed by irradiation. We observed that CSAE administration significantly increased body weight and spleen index, as well as the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets in peripheral blood, T and B lymphocytes in spleen tissue, and total serum immunoglobulins in irradiated mice, whereas total serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased. Collectively, CSAE maintained the structural integrity of spleen tissue and repaired its damage in irradiated mice as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive splenocytes. Mechanistically, CSAE upregulated Bcl-2, and downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in spleen of irradiated mice. However, there were no significant differences in red blood cells and neutrophils in different groups. The results revealed that CSAE had protective effects against irradiation-induced immunosuppression, which was likely associated with an antiapoptotic effect and the regulation of adaptive immunity.Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are compounds manufactured for use in paints, cleaning agents, fire suppressants, nonstick cookware, food containers, and water-resistant products. Concerns about PFAS stem from their ubiquitous presence in the environment, persistence, and variable/uncertain bioaccumulation and toxicity. In the present study, 5 perfluoroalkyl acids and one polyfluoroalkyl substance were administered to white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to elucidate the kinetics of each chemical over 28 d of exposure. Perfluorooctanoate, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate were administered to male and female mice via drinking water. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorononanoate, 62 fluorotelomer sulfonate, and PFHxS were administered to male and female mice via oral gavage. click here Blood samples collected after 14 or 21 and 28 d of exposure were analyzed for individual PFAS concentrations via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In general, a plateau in serum concentration in this toxicity test-relevant timeline depended on interactions between 1) the type of PFAS (i.e., perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids [PFSAs] vs perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids [PFCAs] vs polyfluorinated), 2) continuous versus bolus dosing, and 3) to a lesser extent, sex. Specifically, PFCAs were detected at higher concentration in females than males, whereas PFSAs were generally detected at similar levels across sex. An exception occurred when PFHxS yielded higher serum levels in males than females through bolus, but not continuous, dosing. Type of PFAS had the largest impact on serum concentrations, whereas sex had the lowest. As such, future work on the toxicokinetics of PFAS in common ecological receptors would be valuable to further explore these patterns. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;001-13. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
There are limited data regarding the effectiveness of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) for dyskinesia.
Compare the effectiveness of LCIG versus oral optimized medical treatment (OMT) for dyskinesia in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) using the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS).
This phase 3b, open-label, multicenter, 12-week, interventional study (NCT02799381) randomized 63 LCIG naïve patients with advanced PD (UDysRS ≥30) to LCIG (N=30) or OMT (N=33) treatment. Dyskinesia impact was assessed at baseline through week 12 using the UDysRS. PD-related motor and non-motor symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed.
Dyskinesias measured by UDysRS were significantly reduced in the LCIG group (n=24; -17.37 ± 2.79) compared with the OMT group (n=26; -2.33 ± 2.56) after 12 weeks (-15.05 ± 3.20; 95% CI, -21.47 to -8.63; P< 0.0001). At week 12, LCIG versus OMT also demonstrated significant improvements in "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia (P= 0.0001), QoL (P<al Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.Giant left atrium is extremely rare in pediatric population. We hereby report a case of 4-year-old child with giant left atrium (LA) due to "non-rheumatic" mitral regurgitation (MR). The giant LA caused dextro-rotation of the heart, which immediately reverted to normal cardiac position after surgical repair. The case is reported for the unusual manifestation of giant LA as dextroversion.
The manifestations of COVID-19 as outlined by imaging modalities such as echocardiography, lung ultrasound (LUS), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging are not fully described.
We conducted a systematic review of the current literature and included studies that described cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 using echocardiography, CMR, and pulmonary manifestations using LUS. We queried PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for relevant articles. Original studies and case series were included.
This review describes the most common abnormalities encountered on echocardiography, LUS, and CMR in patients infected with COVID-19.
This review describes the most common abnormalities encountered on echocardiography, LUS, and CMR in patients infected with COVID-19.The excitation energies, singlet-triplet energy gap and spin-orbit coupling constants for Zn-, GaCl-, Pd-, and Pt- tetrasulfonyl phthalocyanines complexes (ZnPc, GaClPc, PdPc, and PtPc) have been computed by using the density functional theory and employing the M06 exchange-correlation functional. Results show that these systems possess interesting photophysical properties, which make them possible photosensitizers to be proposed in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Absorption energies of all the complexes examined have been found falling inside the so-called therapeutic window (550-800 nm). Singlet-triplet energy gap values are higher than those required for the production of cytotoxic molecular oxygen and the spin-orbit coupling constants are such as to ensure an efficient spin orbit intersystem crossing. The obtained data are consistent with the experimental oxygen singlet quantum yields. The platinum complex appears to be the most effective candidate to propose for PDT.While morphine has long been widely used in treating acute heart failure (AHF) due to its vasodilatory properties and anticipated anxiolysis, it remains unclear whether the application of morphine to those patients is reasonable. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety of morphine in patients with AHF. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases from inception through March 2020. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the outcomes. Seven studies with 172, 226 patients were included. The results showed that morphine usage was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR 1.94; 95% CI 0.93 to 4.03; p = 0.08). However, the use of morphine significantly increased the risk of invasive ventilation (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.09 to 6.80; p = 0.03). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis indicated that the application of morphine was not associated with increased 7-day all-cause mortality in patients with AHF (OR 1.69; 95% CI 0.80 to 3.22; p = 0.11) but significantly increased the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.17; p = 0.004). Based on current evidence, our results suggested that although morphine therapy did not significantly increase the risk of short-term death (in the hospital or within 7 days) in patients with AHF, the risk of long-term death and invasive ventilation were significantly increased. This result needs to be further confirmed by an ongoing randomized control trial.
Over 300,000 tonsillectomies are performed nationwide every year. In 2017, half of children undergoing tonsillectomy at our institution were admitted to the pediatric floor, with only 10.4% being discharged before 11 AM on postoperative day 1 (POD1). Our primary objective was to increase the percentage of patients discharged before 11 AM on POD1 to at least 50% within 1 year.
Prospective observational (quality improvement).
A multidisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team was assembled. The primary outcome was "timely discharges," defined as percentage of patients discharged before 11 AM on POD1; secondary outcomes were percentage of patients discharged before 1 PM and mean length of stay (hours). Seven-day readmission rate served as our balancing measure. Prior year data served as baseline. A process map, Ishikawa diagram, and Pareto chart were utilized to identify specific target areas for improvement. Key interventions included announcement of our initiative, an electronic health record-based handoff text prompt, discharge checklist, automated discharge instructions, encouragement to place discharge orders by 9 AM and implementation of early POD1 rounds.
