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Spermidine is important for the hypothalamic control of pituitary secretion of hormones involved in neuroendocrine functions in mammals. In this study, the effect of exogenous spermidine on the expression of genes and proteins related to polyamine metabolism and polyamine levels was examined. The results indicated that treatment with spermidine at 0.05 mg/g (BW) significantly increased the levels of Oaz1 mRNA and protein expression and decreased putrescine content in mouse hypothalamus (p less then 0.05). The administration with spermidine at 0.10 mg/g significantly increased the levels of Oaz1, Oaz2, and Odc expression in mouse hypothalamus (p less then 0.05). Treatment with spermidine at 0.05 mg/g significantly increased the levels of Ssat mRNA expression and reduced the level of Smo mRNA expression in mouse hypothalamus (p less then 0.05). Putrescine concentrations in the hypothalamus after the administration of spermidine at 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g were significantly higher than those in the control group (p less then 0.05). The concentration of both spermidine and spermine in the hypothalamus after the administration of spermidine at 0.15 mg/g was decreased significantly (p less then 0.05). U73122 solubility dmso In summary, our results indicate that exogenous spermidine affects polyamine homeostasis in the mouse hypothalamus by modulating the expression of genes and proteins related to polyamine metabolism.This study aims to investigate the effects of different selenium (Se) sources on the growth performance of Chinese broilers and provide a scientific rationale for adding Se additives to broiler feed. Relevant studies that meet standard inclusion criteria were identified and extracted from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) databases. A total of 9 studies with 539 subjects were included. A meta-analysis was performed with STATA15.0 to estimate the combined standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity test of articles was examined by Q-test, and the results showed that P values of feed conversion ratio, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily intake were all less than 0.05, suggesting a strong heterogeneity among the selected literature. Therefore, the random effect model is selected to calculate the SMD of the three indexes. The combined SMDs (95% CI) of feedgain, ADG, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were -0.39 (-1.03, 0.25), 0.26 (-0.29, 0.81), and -1.45 (-3.09, 0.20), respectively, and the P values were all less than 0.05. This study shows that the absolute differences in the growth performance (feedgain, ADG, and ADFI) of broilers fed with either organic or inorganic Se supplements at the same dose were quite small. The P values of Egger's test were 0.770, 0.089, and 0.426, respectively, for the above indexes, showing no significant publication bias. Sensitivity analysis ensured the stability and reliability of the results. In summary, the effects of organic and inorganic Se in feed on the growth performance of broilers are statistically equal.Nanotechnology is the fabrication, characterization, and potential application of various materials at the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have attracted researchers from different fields because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and other unique and remarkable properties. Cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have various biomedical applications because of their distinctive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anticholinergic, wound healing, and antidiabetic properties. In addition to biomedical applications, cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries, pigments and dyes, electronic thin film, capacitors, gas sensors, heterogeneous catalysis, and for environmental remediation purposes. Different chemical and physical approaches have been used to synthesize cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs; however, these methods could be associated with eco-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high energy, and time consumption. Recently, an eco-friendly, safe, easy, and simple method has been developed by researchers, which uses biotic resources such as plant extract, microorganisms, algae, and other biomolecules such as starch and gelatin. Such biogenic cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs offer more advantages over other physicochemically synthesized methods. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature for the understanding of green synthesis of cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs, their characterization, and various biomedical applications.Cervical cancer (CC) is a huge threat to the health of women worldwide. Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) was proved to be associated with the development of diverse human cancers, including CC. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of PVT1 in CC progression remains unclear. Levels of PVT1, microRNA-503 (miR-503), and ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (ARL2) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blot assay. 3-(4,5)-Dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to examine cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. For migration and invasion detection, transwell assay was performed. The interaction between miR-503 and PVT1 or ARL2 was shown by dual luciferase reporter assay. A nude mouse model was constructed to clarify the role of PVT1 in vivo. PVT1 and ARL2 expressions were increased, whereas miR-503 expression was decreased in CC tissues and cells. PVT1 was a sponge of miR-503, and miR-503 targeted ARL2. PVT1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells, which could be largely reverted by miR-503 inhibitor. In addition, upregulated ARL2 could attenuate si-PVT1-mediated anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects on CC cells. Silenced PVT1 also inhibited CC tumor growth in vivo. PVT1 knockdown exerted tumor suppressor role in CC progression via the miR-503/ARL2 axis, at least in part.

The mitogenomes of higher plants are conserved. This study was performed to complete the mitogenome of two China

species (

Redouté and

var.

(Hoog) cotton).

Genomic DNA was separately extracted from the leaves of

and

in triplicate and used for sequencing. The mitogenome of

was used as a reference. Genome assembly, annotation and phylogenetic tree were analyzed.

The mitogenome of

and

was 988,986 bp and 924,401 bp in length, respectively. There were 22 core protein-coding genes (including

), one open reading frame and one ribosomal protein-coding gene (

) in the mitogenomes. Compared with the

mitogenome, the coding sequence of the 24 genes and intergenic spacers in

and

mitogenome contained 1,621 and 1,617 variable sites, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree,

and

were distinct from

(NC_030100).

and

mitogenomes have far distances from other plants. This study provided additional information on the species resources of China

.

L. pumilum and L. davidii mitogenomes have far distances from other plants.