Gilliamlangston6305

NiFe-LDHs have been deemed as a benchmark non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, for NiFe-LDHs laminate, the edge sites are active, but the basal plane is inert, leading to underutilization for the OER catalysts. Herein, it is the first time to intercalate the light and electron-deficient Li ion into NiFe-LDHs basal plane. The results of theoretical calculation and experiment both showed that the electron would transfer from near Ni 2+ to the surrounding of Li + , resulting in the electron-deficient properties of Ni site would work as "electron-hungry" sites to enhance surface adsorption of electron-rich oxygen-containing group, which would benefit to enhance the effective active for OER. Demonstrated with catalytic performance, the Li-NiFe-LDHs electrodes showed ultralow overpotential only 298 mV at 50 mA cm -2 , which was lower than that of 347 mV for initial NiFe-LDHs, and also lower than that of 373 mV for RuO 2 . The reasonable intercalation adjustment effectively activate laminate Ni 2+ sites and constructs the electron-deficiency structure to enhance its electrocatalytic activity, which sheds light on the development for functional treatment of catalytic materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of urinary incontinence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS We carried out a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database. From a cohort of 1 million records between 1996 and 2013, a total of 202 279 patients with newly onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were initially recruited. We matched with propensity score 3967 patients who received Chinese herbal medicine by age, sex, year of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis, urbanization, comorbidities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease medications. All participants received follow-up visits until the end of 2013 to record the incidence rate of urinary incontinence. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to assess the association between Chinese herbal medicine use and the risk of urinary incontinence among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. RESULTS The incidence rates of urinary incontinence were 57.33 and 108.15 (per 10 000 person-years) in the Chinese herbal medicine and non-Chinese herbal medicine cohorts, respectively, showing a significantly lower risk of urinary incontinence in Chinese herbal medicine users (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.45-0.69, P  less then  0.001). The Chinese herbal medicine prescription pattern analysis showed that Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus (Zhebeimu), Semen armeniacae amarum (Kuxingren), Platycodonis radix (Jiegeng), Xiao Qing Long Tang and Ding Chuan Tang constituted the core of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions applied to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CONCLUSION The use of Chinese herbal medicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients can reduce their risk of urinary incontinence. © 2020 The Japanese Urological Association.ISSUES ADDRESSED To explore adolescents' experiences of access to and continued use of mental health services, and identify factors influencing their perceived satisfaction with their care. Oprozomib mw This paper focusses on the role of organisational and policy-level factors in the mental health system. METHOD Qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 22 adolescents aged 14-18 years living in Perth, Western Australia. RESULTS Adolescents identified key policy, systemic and service-based factors which influenced their access to and continued use of mental health services. These were strongly related to the processes of service intake, level of orientation towards person-centred care and adequacy of service resourcing and funding. Areas of concern for adolescents included, complex service intake procedures, suboptimal mental health service environments, lack of client-centred care and the quality of mental health support provided in school settings. CONCLUSIONS Our research has identified a wide spectrum of factors influencing mental health service access and use amongst adolescents. The findings further support the growing national consensus for major reform to address the mental health needs of this age group. The current strengths within mental health services and the system identified by adolescents need to be supported and extended. SO WHAT? Although there have been numerous recommendations on ways to improve mental health service access and ongoing engagement for Australian adolescents, a number of the major challenges faced by this high-risk population have shown little improvement. The findings of this research indicate the importance of now moving towards implementing meaningful plans for action. © 2020 Australian Health Promotion Association.Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acidosis is the most troubling complication in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if carotid body (CB) networks are disrupted. However, histopathological examination of the choroid plexus (CP) in acidic CSF has not been evaluated so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CP in acidic CSF following SAH. Twenty-eight rabbits were used. Five rabbits were used to analyze CB network (control group; n = 5); seven rabbits were injected 1 mL of saline (Sham group; n = 7); and the rest 16 rabbits were given 1 mL of autologous arterial blood inject into the cisterna magna to create SAH (SAH group; n = 16). Blood and CSF pH values were recorded before/during/after the experimental procedures. Nuclear darkening, cellular shrinkage and pyknosis suggested the presence of apoptosis of epithelial cells of CP. The densities of normal and degenerated epithelial cells of CPs were estimated using stereological methods. The relationship between the pH values and degenerated epithelial cell densities of CPs were statistically compared by Mann-Whitney U-test. Blood pH values were estimated as 7.359 ± 0.039 in the control group, 7.318 ± 0.062 in the Sham group, 7.23 ± 0.013 in the SAH group. CSF pH values were 7.313 ± 0.028 in the control group, 7.296 ± 0.045 in the Sham group, and 7.224 ± 0.012 in the SAH group. Degenerated epithelial cell density of CP was 25 ± 7 in the control group, 226 ± 64 in the Sham group, and 2115 ± 635 in the SAH group. There was a considerable link between CSF pH values and degenerated epithelial cells of CP (P  less then  0.0001). This study shows that CB insult causes acidosis of CSF as well as cellular degeneration of CP during SAH. This is the first description of this in the literature. © 2020 Japanese Society of Neuropathology.