Gilbertkloster9312

Pain and other somatosensory sensations, such as itch, can be effectively decreased by placebo effects and increased by nocebo effects. There are indications that placebo effects on pain generalize to other sensations and that nocebo effects generalize within itch modalities. However, it has not yet been investigated whether learned effects can generalize within pain stimulus modalities or from pain to itch. Our aims were to test whether placebo and nocebo effects can generalize within pain modalities, i.e., from heat pain to pressure pain, and across somatosensory sensations with psychophysiological similarities, i.e., from heat pain to cowhage-evoked itch. For this purpose, sixty-five healthy participants were randomized to either a placebo or nocebo group. All participants firstly underwent a conditioning and verbal suggestion procedure with heat pain stimuli. Subsequently, responses to heat pain, pressure pain, and cowhage-evoked itch stimuli were tested. Results showed that altered levels of heat and p-evoked itch. For this purpose, sixty-five healthy participants were randomized to either a placebo or nocebo group. All participants firstly underwent a conditioning and verbal suggestion procedure with heat pain stimuli. Subsequently, responses to heat pain, pressure pain, and cowhage-evoked itch stimuli were tested. Results showed that altered levels of heat and pressure pain with the conditioned cue in both placebo and nocebo groups in the expected directions, but no significant difference in itch in both groups. In conclusion, placebo and nocebo effects on pain may generalize within but not across stimulus modalities. This study provides a novel perspective on the role that response generalization plays in physical symptoms.

Clinical evidence indicates dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation effectively reduces pain without the need to evoke paresthesia. This paresthesia-free anesthesia by DRG stimulation can be promising to treat pain from the viscera, where paresthesia usually cannot be produced. Here, we explored the mechanisms and parameters for DRG stimulation using an ex vivo preparation with mouse distal colon and rectum (colorectum), pelvic nerve, L6 DRG, and dorsal root in continuity. We conducted single-fiber recordings from split dorsal root and assessed the effect of DRG stimulation on afferent neural transmission. We determined the optimal stimulus pulse width by measuring the chronaxies of DRG stimulation to be below 216 µsec, indicating spike initiation likely at attached axons rather than somata. Sub-kilohertz DRG stimulation significantly attenuates colorectal afferent transmission (10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Hz), of which 50 and 100 Hz show superior blocking effects. Synchronized spinal nerve and DRG stimulationt at blocking transmission than lower or higher frequencies. In addition, DRG stimulation at 50 and 100 Hz significantly attenuates in vivo visceromotor responses to noxious colorectal balloon distension. This reversible conduction block in C- and Aδ-type afferents by sub-kilohertz DRG stimulation likely underlies the paresthesia-free anesthesia by DRG stimulation, thereby offering a promising new approach for managing chronic visceral pain.We present the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of therapy with a fixed dose of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in 2 teenagers with HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection. Patient 1 presented with compensated cirrhosis, whereas patient 2 had evidence of previous hepatitis B virus infection. Both patients achieved a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment. No serious adverse effects were reported.

Peripheral venous catheter (PVC) is the most used vascular access device in medicine, allowing administration of intravenous fluids and medications. Known complications associated with PVC include extravasation, phlebitis and rarely bloodstream infection (BSI). Data regarding PVC-related BSI in children are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical and microbiologic characteristics of pediatric inpatients with PVC-related BSI.

A retrospective study was conducted in a pediatric tertiary care center. Children with BSI, admitted to general pediatric departments during 2010-2019, were identified and their medical records examined. Patients with BSI and phlebitis were further characterized and included in the analysis. We excluded patients with central venous catheters, other identified source of infection and with BSI upon admission. Data collected included patients' demographics and clinical and microbiologic characteristics.

Twenty-seven children with PVC-related BSI were identified and included in the study, consisting of 0.2% of the total BSI cases. Patient's median age was 24 (range, 1.5-213) months, 14/27 (52%) were female and 6 (22%) were previously healthy while 21 (78%) had prior medical conditions. selleck Sixteen (59.3%) patients had Gram-negative BSI and 6 (22.2%) Gram-positive bacteria. Polymicrobial infection occurred in 4 (14.8%) patients and Candida albicans in 1 (3.7%) patient. The most common isolated bacteria were Klebsiella spp and Staphylococcus aureus. Longer dwell-time was a predictor of Gram-negative bacteria.

PVC-related BSI due to Gram-negative bacteria was more common than to Gram-positive bacteria. Clinicians should consider an initial broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage for PVC-related BSI in hospitalized pediatric patients.

PVC-related BSI due to Gram-negative bacteria was more common than to Gram-positive bacteria. Clinicians should consider an initial broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage for PVC-related BSI in hospitalized pediatric patients.COVID-19 may cause intussusception in infants. We report on a case of severe ileo-colic intussusception in an infant with COVID-19 who required an ileo-colic resection. A literature review revealed 9 other cases with COVID-19 and intussusception. In this article, we will discuss the management and treatment of the first reported case of intussusception associated with COVID-19 in Italy.Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death in women. Its routine clinical management includes surgical resection and systemic therapy with chemotherapeutics. While the first-line systemic therapy requires the combined use of platinum-based agents and paclitaxel, many ovarian cancer patients have recurrence and eventually succumb to chemoresistance. Thus, it is imperative to develop new strategies to overcome recurrence and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Repurposing previously-approved drugs is a cost-effective strategy for cancer drug discovery. The antiparasitic drug mebendazole (MBZ) is one of the most promising drugs with repurposing potential. Here, we investigate whether MBZ can overcome cisplatin resistance and sensitize chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. We first established and characterized two stable and robust cisplatin-resistant (CR) human ovarian cancer lines and demonstrated that MBZ markedly inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed cell wounding healing/migration, and induced apoptosis in both parental and CR cells at low micromole range.