Gibsonestes0230
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the risk is heightened in the presence of obesity. We review semaglutide, a drug recently approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or who are overweight.
On 4 June 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration approved semaglutide injection at 2.4 mg once weekly for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or high cholesterol. This subcutaneous injection is the first approved drug for chronic weight management in adults with general obesity or overweight since 2014. The drug is indicated for weight management in patients with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater who have at least one weight-related ailment or in patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater.
Semaglutide offers adults with obesity or overweight a new treatment in conjunction with a weight management program consisting of reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity.
Semaglutide offers adults with obesity or overweight a new treatment in conjunction with a weight management program consisting of reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity.
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs) are a major health problem in the Western population. This review summarises recent discoveries in the genetic landscape of TAAD disease, discusses current challenges in clinical practice, and describes the molecular road ahead in TAAD research. Disorders, in which aneurysmal disease is not observed in the thoracic aorta, are not discussed.
Current gene discovery studies have pinpointed about 40 genes associated with TAAD risk, accounting for about 30% of the patients. Importantly, novel genes, and their subsequent functional characterisation, have expanded the knowledge on disease-related pathways providing crucial information on key elements in this disease, and it pinpoints new therapeutic targets. Moreover, current molecular evidence also suggests the existence of less monogenic nature of TAAD disease, in which the presentation of a diseased patient is most likely influenced by a multitude of genetic and environmental factors.
Ongoing molecular genetic research continues to expand our understanding on the pathomechanisms underlying TAAD disease in order to improve molecular diagnosis, optimise risk stratification, advance therapeutic strategies and facilitate counselling of TAAD patients and their families.
Ongoing molecular genetic research continues to expand our understanding on the pathomechanisms underlying TAAD disease in order to improve molecular diagnosis, optimise risk stratification, advance therapeutic strategies and facilitate counselling of TAAD patients and their families.Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of vascular-occlusive events and of leukemia. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) may increase both risks. In turn, physiologic abnormalities in SCD may modify the incidence and/or distribution of genetic alterations in CH. In a recent issue of the JCI, Liggett et al. found no difference in CH rate between individuals with versus without SCD. Here we contextualize this report and discuss the complex interplay between CH and SCD with particular attention to consequences for emerging gene therapies. We further consider the limitations in our current understanding of these topics that must be addressed in order to optimize therapeutic strategies for SCD.To evaluate the locoregional progression-free survival (LPFS) of bone metastatic lesions from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after radioiodine therapy (RAIT) and to define its influencing factors, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 89 patients with bone metastases from DTC who received RAIT in our department over a 17-year period. The median follow-up time was calculated using the reverse Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed in the analysis of prognostic indicators for LPFS. In this research, the median follow-up time for all patients was 47 (95% CI, 35.752-58.248) months, and that for patients with no progression was 42 months. The longest follow-up time was 109 months. The median LPFS time was 58 (95% CI, 32.602-83.398) months, and the 3- and 5-year LPFS probabilities were 57.8 and 45.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed bone structural changes as an independent risk factor for LPFS (P= 0.004; hazard ratio, 49.216; 95% CI, 3.558-680.704). Furthermore, the non-total-lesion uptake subgroup presented a worse LPFS than the total-lesion uptake subgroup in patients with structural bone lesions (P = 0.027). RAIT can improve the LPFS of radioiodine-avid bone metastases from DTC, especially those without bone structural changes.In everyday otolaryngological and gastroenterological practice, the diagnosis and treatment of extraesophageal forms of gastroesophageal reflux disease are often challenging. It is sometimes the case that treatment ordered by other specialists proves ineffective or even worsens the symptoms. There is no golden standard of diagnosis for otolaryngological forms of GERD, and currently used tools (gastroscopy, laryngoscopy, impedance and pH testing) have low sensitivity and specificity. After finishing a course of successful treatment, the patients often come back to our offices with the very same symptoms. In order to improve the efficacy of treatment, a prokinetic agent can be added to the standard proton pump inhibitor therapy.<br><b>Introduction</b> Advances in computer image analysis have enabled the use of new functional imaging methods in the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases. Particularly interesting techniques of dynamic laryngeal imaging involve High Speed Videoendoscopy (HSV). This still-developed technique allows to overcome the limitations of laryngovideostroboscopy (LVS) and a more detailed analysis of the glottal function based on the image of the actual vibrations of the vocal folds. It also enables the determination of objective coefficients parameterizing phonatory vibrations of the vocal folds.</br> <br><b>Aim</b> The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the use of a high-speed videoendoscopy set with laser illumination for the diagnosis of glottic pathology in ENT practice.</br> <br><b>Material and methods</b> The study included 40 patients who underwent LVS followed by HSV. The modern HSV examination kit - Advanced Larynx Imager System (ALIS), usediscrete phonation disorders that elude the techniques used so far.</br>.<b>Introduction</b> Nowadays, there are many options to treat hearing-impaired patients tympanoplastic surgery, hearing aids and a wide range of implantable devices.</br></br> <b>Aim</b> The aim of this study is to present the mid-term audiological and quality of life benefits after the implantation of Osia®, an active piezoelectric bone conduction hearing implant. </br></br> <b>Material and methods</b> The state of the tissues in the implanted area, as well as audiological and quality of life results were analyzed at six, nine and twelve months after implantation in a group of four adult patients with bilateral mixed hearing loss (1 after bilateral canal-wall-down mastoidectomy, 2 with chronic simple otitis media and after myringoplasty in the opposite ear, 1 with bilateral otosclerosis and after stapedotomy in the opposite ear). </br></br> <b>Results</b> No postoperative complications were found in any of the cases. One year after surgery the mean audiological gain in FF PTA4 (pure tone average for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) was 52.2 ± 3.5 dB in comparison to the unaided situation, the mean speech understanding with Osia® in quiet was 90 ± 8.2% for 50 dB SPL, 98.8 ± 2.5% for 65 dB SPL and 100 ± 0% for 80 dB SPL, and the mean speech understanding with Osia® in noise was 37.5% ± 23.6 for 50 dB SPL, 93.8 ± 4.8% for 65 dB SPL and 98.8 ± 2.5% for 80 dB SPL. There was also an evident improvement in the quality of hearing as well as in the quality of life, measured by APHAB (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit) and SSQ (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale). </br></br> <b>Conclusions</b> The Osia® is an effective treatment option for patients with bilateral mixed hearing loss. The mid-term audiological and quality of life results are excellent, but further observations including bigger groups of patients and a longer follow- -up are required.Background A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study investigated the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Materials and Methods 40 adult patients with сhronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were examined. All patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. After the surgery, 20 patients got the intranasal gel with a bacteriophages mixture (Otofag, Micromir, Russia) twice a day for ten weeks, and 20 patients got a placebo. Results On the 10th day, IL-1β secretion diminished (63 mg/ml versus 440 mg/ml in control). There was a decrease in the total number of microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae (5.7 x 106 CFU/ml versus 1.2 x 109 CFU/ml in control), and the absence of Streptococci (versus 2.1 x 109 CFU/ml in control) on the 30th day of the treatment in the group with the bacteriophages. On the 10th day, a decrease in the activity of secretory IL-1β and IL-8 strongly and very strongly correlated with a total number of microorganisms (r = 0.7; r = 0.9 respectively), as well as secretory IL-8 with Enterobacteriaceae (r = 0.72) and Staphylococci (r = 0.65) in the active group treated with the bacteriophages. On the 30th day, the decrease in serum IL-1β significantly correlated with the total number of microorganisms (r = 0.80) and enterobacteria (r = 0.90) in the active group. Vorinostat concentration Conclusions The administration of bacteriophages restored the balance of microorganisms in the nasal cavity and decreased the inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. These changes, such as an inflammation dampening, could theoretically reduce the recurrent growth of polyp tissue in the future.<b>Introduction</b> Recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst after surgery is not a rare condition and first-line treatment has not been established yet.<br/><br/> <b>Aim</b> Evaluation of outcomes and complications of OK-432 treatment in patients with recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst after surgery. <br/><br/> <b>Material and methods</b> This study is designed as a case series with planned data collection at Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University and Fukase Clinic. Five patients with recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst after surgery received this therapy between January 2014 and February 2020 on an outpatient basis, without hospitalization. OK-432 solution was injected into the lesion using an 18- or 27-gauge needle, depending on the location and size of the lesion, as well as on possible complications.<br/> <br/> <b>Results</b> Lesions showed marked reduction or total shrinkage in all patients, with no local scarring or deformity at the injection site.
