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thermore, more neonates required intensive care in this group. Therefore, a history of TBI should be acknowledged as a possible factor affecting the delivery and health of the neonate.

This work studies the development and evaluation of

(GYM) extract loaded sustained release polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) for enhanced bioavailability and reduced nephrotoxicity. The current therapy is associated with the drawbacks of addiction and repeated administration.

The sustained release PNPs were developed and evaluated for toxicity. PNPs of GYM were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique utilising Taguchi model and evaluated for physicochemical properties (particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency),

drug release, compatibility, and stability. Further, the bioavailability and

nephrotoxicity studies in diabetic rat model were also carried out.

The developed optimised nanoparticles were 205.7 ± 1.20 nm in size, -40.68 mV zeta potential, compatible, and stable in nature with improved entrapment efficiency (67.1 ± 0.2%) and sustained release. Moreover, nanoparticles were found to lower the blood glucose level in single as well as multiple doses. Results of

study indicated that GYM-NPs increased the phosphorylase activity and thus enhanced insulin secretion. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were free from toxicity, which was confirmed by the estimation of kidney biomarker.

The nanoparticles increased the bioavailability of GYM extract and have a great potential for the treatment of diabetes in reduced dose, and so these can be potential candidates for treating diabetes.

The nanoparticles increased the bioavailability of GYM extract and have a great potential for the treatment of diabetes in reduced dose, and so these can be potential candidates for treating diabetes.

A considerable proportion of individuals report persistent, debilitating and disparate symptoms despite resolution of acute COVID-19 infection (i.e. long COVID). Numerous registered clinical trials investigating treatment of long COVID are expected to be completed in 2021-2022. The aim of this review is to provide a scope of the candidate treatments for long COVID. A synthesis of ongoing long COVID clinical trials can inform methodologic approaches for future studies and identify key research vistas.

Scoping searches were conducted on multiple national and international clinical trial registries. Interventional trials testing treatments for long COVID were selected. The search timeline was from database inception to 28 July 2021.

This scoping review included 59 clinical trial registration records from 22 countries with a total projected enrolment of 6718. Considerable heterogeneity was exhibited amongst component records with respect to the characterization of long COVID (i.e. name, symptoms- including criteria.Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that accounted for the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Lately, 'infection hypothesis' has been proposed where the infection of microbes can lead to the pathogenesis of AD. Among different types of microbes, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), Chlamydia pneumonia, Spirochetes and Candida albicans are frequently detected in the brain of AD patients. Amyloid-beta protein has demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial properties upon encountering these pathogens. It can bind to microglial cells and astrocytes to activate immune response and neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, HIV-1 and HSV-1 can develop into latency whereas Chlamydia pneumonia, Spirochetes and Candida albicans can cause chronic infections. At this stage, the DNA of microbes remains undetectable yet active. This can act as the prolonged pathogenic stimulus that over-triggers the expression of Aβ-related genes, which subsequently lead to overproduction and deposition of Aβ plaque. This review will highlight the pathogenesis of each of the stated microbial infection, their association in AD pathogenesis as well as the effect of chronic infection in AD progression. Potential therapies for AD by modulating the microbiome have also been suggested. This review will aid in understanding the infectious manifestations of AD.

A mega-review of published systematic reviews without restriction on year of publication was implemented to summarize available assessment tools of upper limb (UL) function in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).

A multi-prong search strategy was used to identify 12 systematic literature reviews for inclusion in the mega-review. Included reviews were coded by descriptive analyses, which included methodological and reported measurement property description. Methodological quality of the selected systematic reviews was evaluated with the AMSTAR-2. We synthetized the measurement properties of the revised assessment tools and their coverage within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains.

The 12 systematic reviews addressed 84 assessment tools. Systematic reviews' methodological quality varied between critically low to moderate. Suggested assessment tools covered ICF domains of body structure and function, and activities and participation. Measurement property data analysis was based mostly on reliability and validity.

Based on the findings of the mega-review, the ABILHAND-Kids, Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL) are the most suitable tools to evaluate children between 6 and 12years of age with unilateral CP.

Based on the findings of the mega-review, the ABILHAND-Kids, Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL) are the most suitable tools to evaluate children between 6 and 12 years of age with unilateral CP.

When depressive symptoms in bipolar and unipolar patients were compared, a number of studies reported that atypical vegetative features such as hypersomnia and hyperphagia were more common in bipolar patients. Moreover, neuropeptides such as orexin-A (ORX-A), ghrelin (GRL), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are involved in the regulation of these vegetative functions.

A total of 45 unipolar and 24 bipolar depressive patients, and 36 euthymic healthy controls were included in the study. The groups were compared in terms of peripheral blood samples of ORX-A, GRL, and NPY levels, as well as HAM-D, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised, and Suicide Probability Scale scores.

Both unipolar and bipolar patients had lower ORX-A, GRL, and NPY levels compared to the controls, whereas NPY levels of bipolar patients were lower than unipolar patients. There was a negative correlation between NPY levels and emotional eating in the bipolar group.

While lower ORX-A, GRL, and NPY levels are associated with depressive episodes regardless of the diagnosis; NPY levels also differ in bipolar and unipolar depression patients.

While lower ORX-A, GRL, and NPY levels are associated with depressive episodes regardless of the diagnosis; NPY levels also differ in bipolar and unipolar depression patients.HIV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but there has been less study of cardiovascular comorbidities among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional observational study, Tanzanian adults presenting for outpatient HIV care completed a questionnaire and underwent weight, height, blood pressure, and blood glucose measurement. Hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as measured blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Diabetes was defined by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, random glucose ≥200 mg/dl, or self-reported diabetes. Obesity was defined by body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of uncontrolled hypertension. Among 500 participants, 173 (34.6%) had hypertension, 21 (4.2%) had diabetes, and 99 (19.8%) were obese. Of those with hypertension, 116 (67.1%) were unaware of their hypertension, and 155 (89.6%) had uncontrolled hypertension. In multivariate analysis, uncontrolled hypertension was associated with older age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.10, p  less then  0.001) and higher body mass index (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.22, p  less then  0.001). Interventions are needed to improve screening and treatment for hypertension, diabetes, and obesity among Tanzanians with HIV.Computational prediction of the behavior of concentrated protein solutions is particularly advantageous in early development stages of biotherapeutics when material availability is limited and a large set of formulation conditions needs to be explored. This review provides an overview of the different computational paradigms that have been successfully used in modeling undesirable physical behaviors of protein solutions with a particular emphasis on high-concentration drug formulations. This includes models ranging from all-atom simulations, coarse-grained representations to macro-scale mathematical descriptions used to study physical instability phenomena of protein solutions such as aggregation, elevated viscosity, and phase separation. These models are compared and summarized in the context of the physical processes and their underlying assumptions and limitations. A detailed analysis is also given for identifying protein interaction processes that are explicitly or implicitly considered in the different modeling approaches and particularly their relations to various formulation parameters. Lastly, many of the shortcomings of existing computational models are discussed, providing perspectives and possible directions toward an efficient computational framework for designing effective protein formulations.Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone metabolic disease with complicated pathogenesis and is difficult to cure clinically. The regulatory mechanisms of OP are needed to be further investigated. In the present study, we focused on the role of myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in OP development and examined the underlying mechanism. The serum expression levels of MIAT in samples from patients with OP and healthy controls were compared using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationship between MIAT and its potential target microRNA, i.e., miR-150-5p. Moreover, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured and transfected with MIAT shRNA, with or without miR-150-5p inhibitor. EdU staining and colony formation analysis were performed to determine the proliferation ability of these cells. Furthermore, the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were used to assess BMSC apoptosis. Finally, RT-PCR and Western blot assays were employed to assess the expression of osteogenic differentiation biomarkers. Compared with controls, the expression of MIAT was significantly increased, whereas that of miR-150-5p was markedly decreased in patients with OP. MIAT and miR-150-5p expression levels exhibited a strong negative correlation. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation indicators were suppressed in serum of OP patients. learn more MIAT was downregulated, and miR-150-5p was upregulated in induced to osteogenic differentiation BMSCs. Furthermore, downregulation of MIAT dramatically promoted osteogenic differentiation, increased proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis in BMSCs; miR-150-5p inhibitor abrogated the effects of MIAT. In conclusion, lncRNA MIAT can regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.