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kidneys from patients with COVID-19 showed a major reduction in urate transporter URAT1 expression in the brush border of proximal tubules.

Among patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, low serum levels of uric acid are common and associate with disease severity and with progression to respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.

Among patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, low serum levels of uric acid are common and associate with disease severity and with progression to respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) can differentiate into adipocytes upon stimulation and are considered an appropriate cell source for adipose tissue engineering. In addition to biochemical cues, the stiffness of a substrate that cells attach to has also been shown to affect hBMSC differentiation potential. Of note, most current studies are conducted on monolayer cultures which do not directly inform adipose tissue engineering, where 3-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are often used to create proper tissue architecture. In this study, we aim to examine the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs within soft or stiff scaffolds and investigate the molecular mechanism mediating the response of hBMSCs to substrate stiffness in 3D culture, specifically the involvement of the integral membrane protein, caveolin-1 (CAV1), known to regulate signaling in MSCs via compartmentalizing and concentrating signaling molecules.

By adjusting the photo-illumination time, photocrosslinkable gelatin scaffolds wMSC adipogenesis, which may function through activation of the YAP signaling pathway.

Soft biomaterials support superior adipogenesis of encapsulated hBMSCs in 3D culture, which is partially mediated by the CAV1-YAP axis. Suppressing CAV1 expression levels represents a robust method in the promotion of hBMSC adipogenesis.

Soft biomaterials support superior adipogenesis of encapsulated hBMSCs in 3D culture, which is partially mediated by the CAV1-YAP axis. Suppressing CAV1 expression levels represents a robust method in the promotion of hBMSC adipogenesis.

The effect of awake prone positioning on intubation rates is not established. The aim of this trial was to investigate if a protocol for awake prone positioning reduces the rate of endotracheal intubation compared with standard care among patients with moderate to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19.

We conducted a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Adult patients with confirmed COVID-19, high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation for respiratory support and a PaO

/FiO

ratio ≤ 20kPa were randomly assigned to a protocol targeting 16h prone positioning per day or standard care. The primary endpoint was intubation within 30days. Secondary endpoints included duration of awake prone positioning, 30-day mortality, ventilator-free days, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, use of noninvasive ventilation, organ support and adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to futility.

Of 141 patients assessed for eligibility, 75 were randomized of whom 39 were allocated to the control group and 36 to the prone group. Within 30days after enrollment, 13 patients (33%) were intubated in the control group versus 12 patients (33%) in the prone group (HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.46-2.21), P = 0.99). Median prone duration was 3.4h [IQR 1.8-8.4] in the control group compared with 9.0h per day [IQR 4.4-10.6] in the prone group (P = 0.014). Selleck BRD0539 Nine patients (23%) in the control group had pressure sores compared with two patients (6%) in the prone group (difference - 18% (95% CI - 2 to - 33%); P = 0.032). There were no other differences in secondary outcomes between groups.

The implemented protocol for awake prone positioning increased duration of prone positioning, but did not reduce the rate of intubation in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 compared to standard care.

ISRCTN54917435. Registered 15 June 2020 ( https//doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN54917435 ).

ISRCTN54917435. Registered 15 June 2020 ( https//doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN54917435 ).

Bone grafting is an important surgical procedure to restore missing bone in patients with alveolar cleft lip/palate, aiming to stabilize either sides of the maxillary segments by inducing new bone formation, and in bilateral cleft cases also to stabilize the pre-maxilla. Polyphosphate (PolyP), a physiological polymer composed of orthophosphate units linked together with high-energy phosphate bonds, is a naturally existing compound in platelets which, when complexed with calcium as Ca-polyP microparticles (Ca-polyP MPs), was proven to have osteoinductive properties in preclinical studies.

To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and osteoinductivity of Ca-polyP MPs as a bone-inducing graft material in humans.

This prospective non-blinded first-in-man clinical pilot study shall consist of 8 alveolar cleft patients of 13 years or older to evaluate the feasibility and safety of Ca-PolyP MPs as a bone-inducing graft material. Patients will receive Ca-polyP graft material only or Ca-polyP in combination with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) as a bone substitute carrier. During the trial, the participants will be investigated closely for safety parameters using radiographic imaging, regular blood tests, and physical examinations. After 6 months, a hollow drill will be used to prepare the implantation site to obtain a biopsy. The radiographic imaging will be used for clinical evaluation; the biopsy will be processed for histological/histomorphometric evaluation of bone formation.

This is the first-in-man study evaluating the safety and feasibility of the polyP as well as the potential regenerative capacity of polyP using an alveolar cleft model.

Indonesian Trial Registry INA-EW74C1N . Registered on 12 June 2020.

Indonesian Trial Registry INA-EW74C1N . Registered on 12 June 2020.

With regular contacts to the general child population, healthcare professionals could play an important role in the detection of child maltreatment. However, a majority of child maltreatment cases go unnoticed by the healthcare system. Child protection legislations usually offer terms like "reasonable suspicion" to corner a threshold that warrants reporting to child protection services (CPS) is defined as. The indistinct legal terminology leads to marked differences in the interpretation of this threshold. Therefore, we aimed to systematically assess the understanding of reasonable suspicion and subsequent handling of cases in the German context.

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2485 physicians and psychotherapists working with children and adolescents. Field access was gained by German professional associations. Via case vignettes, predictors of thresholds for reporting were assessed.

The probability of a report to CPS increased positively with the degree of suspicion for maltreatment.