Gateswelsh9638

Moreover, filtrate analysis showed that the A1A2-RS layer had a good effect on actual emulsion treatment with a TOC removal rate of 89.56%.In the present research work, a comprehensive tool for cumulative ecotoxicological impact assessment of ionic liquids (ILs) to aquatic life has been constructed. Using the probabilistic tool, impact of individual ILs to a group of aquatic species is assessed by chemical toxicity distributions (CTDs). The impact of group of ILs to individual aquatic species is assessed by species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). Acute toxicity data of imidazolium ILs with chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), and hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) anions are used in CTD and SSD. Allowable concentrations for a group of Imidazolium ILs with the same mode of action (SMOA) to five aquatic species; Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri, Algae, Zebrafish, and Escherichia coli are estimated by CTDs. It has been concluded that 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) possess the lowest risk at an acceptable risk value of 750 × 10-5 mmol/L which is 12% less than that of OMIMCl. Furthermore, the sensitivities towards the aquatic species reveal that from the studied ILs, BMIMBF4 with an acceptable risk value of 3200 × 10-5 mmol/L is the most suitable IL towards the selected aquatic species. Hence, current work provides cumulative allowable concentrations and acceptable risk values for ILs which release to aquatic compartment of ecosystem.Composite membranes typically used for gas separation are susceptible to interfacial voids and CO2 plasticization which adversely affects the gas permeation performance. This paper evaluates routes towards the enhancement of CO2 permeation performance and CO2 plasticization resistance of composite membranes using non-stoichiometric ZIF-62 MOF glass and cellulose acetate (CA). Single and mixed gas permeation results, obtained with CO2 and CH4, demonstrate that the presence of ZIF-62 glass in CA polymer enhanced the CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity from 15.8 to 84.8 Barrer and 12.2-35.3, respectively. The composite membrane loaded with 8 wt% of ZIF-62 glass showed the highest CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity of 84.8 Barrer and 35.3, which were 436.7% and 189.3% higher compared to the pristine CA membrane, respectively. A CO2 plasticization pressure of 26 bar was achieved for the composite membranes, which is 160% higher compared to the pristine CA membranes, at about 10 bar. The mechanisms for the materials stabilization and greater separation performance were attributed to higher pore size (7.3 Å) and significant CO2 adsorption on the unsaturated metal nodes followed by metal cites electrostatic interaction with CO2. These findings confirm the potential of ZIF-62 glass materials as promising materials solutions towards the design of composite membranes for CO2 separation at industrial scale.Differences in the As methylation capacity of Argentine children, exposed to different levels of As in drinking water were evaluated, considering the gender and the presence of the As3MT T860C gene polymorphism. Inorganic As (%IAs), monomethylated As (%MMA) and dimethylated As (%DMA), primary methylation index (PMI) and secondary methylation index (SMI) were evaluated and represented the As methylation capacity. Urinary As ranged from 18 to 5106 µg/g creatinine. Comparisons were performed between lowest and highest quartiles of urinary As. The level of exposure was positively related to urinary %MMA and negatively to %DMA and to SMI. Considering the presence of the As3MT T860C polymorphism, the level of exposure increased %MMA, and decreased %DMA and the SMI in carriers of the T/T genotype. SMI OR for T/T carriers was 10.61 (95% CI 2.16-52.16, p 0.0036). Regarding the gender, the level of exposure increased %MMA, and decreased %DMA and the SMI in girls and boys. SMI OR for girls was 8.71 (95% CI 1.48-51.08, p 0.0165) and for boys, OR 18.15 (95% CI 2.03-162.35, p 0.0095). It was possible to identify the level of exposure as a factor that can modify the influence that other factors have on the methylation of As.Urban Parks are important places for residents to engage in outdoor activities, and whether heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in park soils are harmful to human health has aroused people's concern. NHWD870 A total of 204 topsoil samples containing nine HMs were collected from 78 urban parks of Shanghai in China, and used to assess the health risks caused by HMs in soils. The results revealed that the Hg, Cd and Pb were the main enriched pollutants and posed higher ecological risks than the other HMs. Four HM sources (including natural sources, agricultural activities, industrial production and traffic emissions) were identified by combining the Positive matrix factorization model and Correlation analysis, with the contribution rate of 48.24%, 7.03%, 13.04% and 31.69%, respectively. The assessment of Probabilistic health risks indicated that the Non-carcinogenic risks for all populations were negligible. However, the Total carcinogenic risk cannot be negligible and children were more susceptible than adults. The assessment results of source-oriented health risks showed that industrial production and traffic emissions were estimated to be the most important anthropogenic sources of health risks for all populations. Our results provide scientific support needed for the prevention and control of HM pollution in urban parks.CuMn oxides have been studied for many years to catalytic degradation of toluene, but there are still many divergences on the essence of their great catalytic activity and reaction mechanism. A series of CuMn bimetallic oxides were synthesized for the catalytic oxidation of toluene in this study. Cu2Mn1 exhibited the highest toluene oxidation rate per specific surface area, which was approximately 4 times that of monometallic CuO and Mn3O4. Benzoic acid was the only intermediates which could be observed during toluene oxidation. Between monometallic CuO and Mn3O4, toluene was more difficult to be activated by Mn3O4 to generate benzoic acid (toluene activation), whereas benzoic acid was oxidized (ring-breaking) by CuO with more difficulty. As for CuMn, the superior reducibility combined with the balance between ring-breaking of benzoic acid and activation of toluene-to-benzoic acid determined the high toluene oxidation rate. DFT simulations exhibited that in O-Cu-O-Mn-O structure, the Mn-O site was a more effective activation site for toluene-to-benzoic acid oxidation, whereas Cu-O mainly performed as an adsorption site for toluene.