Gatesgrau1757

The thermal degradation of paper mill waste (PMW) has been investigated in presence and absence of Montmorillonite clay in the temperature range of ambient to 1000 °C and at the heating rates of 20 °C/min, 25 °C/min and 30 °C/min. Proximate and ultimate analyses and evaluation of calorific value (HHV) of PMW have been carried out using standard protocols. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) data obtained under both situations have been used to evaluate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and elucidate the reaction mechanism. The clay has also been characterized using TGA/DTG analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. The activation energy, pre-exponential factor and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated using the model-free iso-conversional method of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Vyazovkin and the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The Montmorillonite clay has influenced the degradation process appreciably through its catalytic action. Although the construction of clay-supported photocatalyst is a promising strategy to develop the low cost and high activity photocatalyst, only few works researched the effect of their interfaces on the photocatalytic performance. Herein, a monoclinic BiVO4/sepiolite nanocomposite was fabricated as case to study the transport mechanism of photogenerated carries based on the interfaces effect. The obtained BiVO4/sepiolite nanocomposites exhibited excellent visible light photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic degradation rates of antibiotic tetracyclines (TCs) and methylene blue (MB) by the nanocomposites are 2 and 5.34 times higher than that by pure BiVO4 under visible light irradiation. XPS and Raman spectra confirmed the strong interfaces effect existing between BiVO4 and sepiolite clay. Moreover, PL and transient photocurrent response suggested that the strong interfaces effect effectively promoted the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and further enhanced the photocatalytic performance. In addition, the results of trapping experiments revealed that the photo-induced holes (h+) were the dominant active species in the photocatalytic mechanism. This work illuminates the photocatalytic mechanism of monoclinic BiVO4/sepiolite nanocomposites and provides a novel strategy for designing the clay-supported photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants. V.The effect of frozen storage on the chemical properties and ingredient functionalities of Lesser mealworms was investigated at -20 °C for 2 months. Major changes occurred in the first week of frozen storage. Proteins, among which heavy chain myosin, underwent denaturation and aggregation, as shown by a decrease in solubility, SDS-PAGE pattern, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The ice melting point in larvae was -32.5 °C as determined by DSC 25% of water is not frozen at -20 °C, possibly due to anti-freezing proteins preventing ice formation. The presence of unfrozen water favoured various enzymatic activities as shown by a pH decrease, indicating protein hydrolysis. The molecular changes during frozen storage increased the browning reactions due to phenoloxidase activity. Foaming ability, foam stability and gel network stability increased upon frozen storage due to protein denaturation. Results provide important information regarding the opportunity of frozen storage of insect larvae for both research and industrial purposes. Melatonin (MLT) is a versatile biological signal that is involved in a number of plant processes, including germination, development, flowering, photosynthesis and defence. The need to develop new methodologies for enhancing crop yields and extending fruit postharvest preservation, together with the beneficial effects of dietary MLT, have stimulated the study of the availability and biological roles of MLT in fruit. Here, we are reviewing for the first time the effects of endogenous and exogenous MLT on fruit production and postharvest preservation. The signalling pathways implicated in MLT response and the applications of MLT in fruit decay, abiotic stress and pathogen infection have been traced in order to provide new insights on the biological significance of MLT in fruit. Precise identification of the compounds characteristic to stored white teas is urgently needed as these products have unique flavors and health benefits that improve with storage duration. Owing to the potential applications in food quality discrimination, specific regularities between the enantiomeric distributions of 23 volatile lactones and terpenoids and storage durations of white teas were expected and investigated by enantioselective gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Es-GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. High correlation coefficients (-0.853 to 0.695) and significant differences (P  less then  0.001) between the enantiomeric ratios (ERs) of (2S, 5S)-linalool oxide A, (2S, 5R)-linalool oxide B, (2R, 5S)-theaspirane B, S-linalool, and (1R, 2S)-methyl epijasmonate and the storage durations (0-7 years) were obtained, and the contents of S-linalool and S/R-dihydroactinidiolide significantly decreased and increased, respectively, with the increasing of storage duration. Therefore, the aforementioned lactone and terpenoid enantiomers are potential markers for the reliable differentiation of white teas stored for different time periods. Curcumin is claimed to have many health benefits, but it has low chemical stability. In this study, the influence of food-grade antioxidants on the chemical degradation of curcumin-enriched oil-in-water emulsions was examined. The curcumin degradation rate and extent depended on antioxidant type. The water-soluble antioxidants were more effective at protecting curcumin from degradation than the oil-soluble ones, which may have been because curcumin degrades faster in water than in oil. Interestingly, the amphiphilic antioxidant was almost as effective as the water-soluble ones. The oil-soluble antioxidant actually slightly promoted curcumin degradation. In summary, curcumin retention after storage declined in the following order 82.6% (Trolox) ~82.2% (ascorbic acid) >79.5% (ascorbyl palmitate) ≫57.9% (control) >52.7% (α-tocopherol). BRD3308 The effectiveness of ascorbic acid in stabilizing curcumin increased as its concentration was raised (0-300 μM). Our results may facilitate the creation of curcumin-enriched foods and beverages with enhanced bioactivity.