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46, 95% CI 1.53 to 13.05), unskilled work history (OR=5.62, 95% CI 2.07 to 13.90), higher body mass index (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.04), and moderate to severe hearing loss (OR=2.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 7.55). A small proportion of MCI cases reverted to intact at follow-up (15%), but most remained stable (44%), developed dementia and/or died (41%).

Sociodemographic and clinical factors both contributed to baseline MCI and were distinct for MCI subtypes, with similar patterns of conversion to dementia for amnestic and non-amnestic MCI.

Sociodemographic and clinical factors both contributed to baseline MCI and were distinct for MCI subtypes, with similar patterns of conversion to dementia for amnestic and non-amnestic MCI.The CCCDTD5 reviewed the research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease proposed in the NIA-AA Research Framework and supports their use in research but not in clinical practice.

Higher brain tocopherol levels have been associated with lower levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

We studied the relations of α- and γ-tocopherol brain levels to microglia density in 113 deceased participants from the Memory and Aging Project. We used linear regression analyses to examine associations between tocopherol levels and microglia densities in a basic model adjusted for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E (

)ε4 genotype (any ε4 allele vs. none) , and post-mortem time interval, and a second model additionally adjusted for total amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangle severity.

Higher α- and γ-tocopherol levels were associated with lower total and activated microglia density in cortical but not in subcortical brain regions. The association between cortical α-tocopherol and total microglia density remained statistically significant after adjusting for AD neuropathology.

These results suggest that the relation between tocopherols and AD might be partly explained by the alleviating effects of tocopherols on microglia activation.

These results suggest that the relation between tocopherols and AD might be partly explained by the alleviating effects of tocopherols on microglia activation.

Web-based cognitive tests have potential for standardized screening in neurodegenerative disorders. We examined accuracy and consistency of cCOG, a computerized cognitive tool, in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Clinical data of 306 cognitively normal, 120 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 69 dementia subjects from three European cohorts were analyzed. Global cognitive score was defined from standard neuropsychological tests and compared to the corresponding estimated score from the cCOG tool containing seven subtasks. The consistency of cCOG was assessed comparing measurements administered in clinical settings and in the home environment.

cCOG produced accuracies (receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve [ROC-AUC]) between 0.71 and 0.84 in detecting MCI and 0.86 and 0.94 in detecting dementia when administered at the clinic and at home. The accuracy was comparable to the results of standard neuropsychological tests (AUC 0.69-0.77 MCI/0.91-0.92 dementia).

cCOG provides a promising tool for detecting MCI and dementia with potential for a cost-effective approach including home-based cognitive assessments.

cCOG provides a promising tool for detecting MCI and dementia with potential for a cost-effective approach including home-based cognitive assessments.Food insecurity affects 1 in 8 American adults annually, and is more prevalent in Black and sexual minority women. We applied an intersectional approach to investigate food insecurity prevalence in women with intersecting minority race and sexual orientation. We used two United States surveillance systems-National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2013-2018 and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2014, to estimate how race and sexual orientation jointly influence food insecurity prevalence in women aged 18-59 years (NHIS N = 47596; NHANES N = 5106). All analyses were stratified for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) use. Relative measures estimated weighted prevalence ratios (PR) comparing Black and White sexual minority women (SMW) to heterosexual White women. Absolute prevalence measures estimated the excess prevalence of food insecurity due to multiple marginalization. Patterns of food insecurity prevalence were similar across NHIS and NHANES, and differed only for nong multiply marginalized women may attenuate food insecurity disparities.

After more than six months into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as of August 10, 2020, over 734,664 people had died worldwide. The current study aims to evaluate how mitigating interventions affected the epidemic process in the 30 largest metropolitan areas in the US and whether temperature played a role in the epidemic process.

Publicly available data for the time series of COVID-19 cases and deaths and weather were analyzed at the metropolitan level. The time-varying reproductive numbers (R

) based on retrospective moving average were used to explore the trends. Selleck EAPB02303 Student

tests were used to compare temperature and peak R

cross-sectionally.

We found that virus transmissibility, measured by instantaneous reproduction number (R

), had declined since the end of March for all areas and almost all of them reached a R

of 1 or below after April 15, 2020. The timing of the main decline was concurrent with the implementation of mitigating interventions. However, the R

s remained around 1 for most areas since then and there were some small and short rebounds in some areas, suggesting a persistent epidemic in those areas when interventions were relaxed. Cities with warm temperature also tended to have a lower peak R

than that of cities with cold temperature. However, they were not statistically significant and large geographic variations existed.

Aggressive interventions might have mitigated the current pandemic of COVID-19, while temperature might have weak effects on the virus transmission. We may need to prepare for a possible return of the coronavirus outbreak.

Aggressive interventions might have mitigated the current pandemic of COVID-19, while temperature might have weak effects on the virus transmission. We may need to prepare for a possible return of the coronavirus outbreak.