Garrettrode6739

For instance, the minimum wall thicknesses of X65, X70, and X80 steel pipes for fracture arrest with a pipe diameter of 610 mm at a design pressure of 13.2 MPa are 17.28, 14.58, and 12.81 mm, respectively, and when the pipe diameter is 1016 mm at a design pressure of 20.4 MPa, the minimum wall thicknesses of X70 and X80 pipes can meet the requirements of arrest toughness. The model established in this study can quickly and accurately calculate the minimum wall thickness and minimum Charpy energy required to stop fracture in the supercritical CO2 pipeline, which is suitable for engineering applications. The findings of this study can help in better understanding of the fracture process of supercritical CO2 pipelines.The Y-jet nozzle is simpler to design than other twin-fluid nozzles and has various advantages such as having a wide turn-down ratio. For this reason, it is mainly used for industrial boilers and combustion. The Y-jet nozzle comprises liquid and assist gas supply ports, a mixing chamber, where two fluids (liquid and the assist gas) are mixed, and an exit orifice. The time it takes to mix the two fluids in the mixing chamber depends on the length of the chamber, which determines the spray and particulate properties. Therefore, the mixing chamber is one of the most important factors when designing the Y-jet nozzle. The gas to liquid mass flow rate ratio (GLR) is an important variable that affects the spray characteristics of the Y-jet nozzle. In this work, a laboratory-scale Y-jet nozzle spray experimental setup was developed to perform spray experiments. In particular, we observe the spray properties in the front and right directions to observe spatial spray properties. Significant results were obtained depending on the length of the mixing chamber, the spray pattern, and the Sauter mean diameter according to the GLR. We found that a mixing chamber with longer length reduces the effect of asymmetric spray and confirm that the central axis of spray is more stable.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of persistent organic water pollutants that raise serious concerns owing to their carcinogenicity and other negative impacts on humans and ecosystems. In this study, Bi2MoO6/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were designed and prepared for the adsorption-assisted photodegradation of naphthalene molecules in an aqueous medium. The synthesized Bi2MoO6 nanoplates and Bi2MoO6/rGO nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and photoluminescence measurements. The photodegradation of naphthalene molecules was observed to assess the photocatalytic characteristics of the samples under visible light. The Bi2MoO6/rGO nanocomposites exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure Bi2MoO6. Among the nanocomposites, those containing 2 wt % rGO showed the best photocatalytic activity. The incorporation of rGO enhanced the visible light absorption and decreased the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. Moreover, a Bi2MoO6/rGO nanocomposite showed excellent reusability for five cycles.The thermoelectric properties and thermal conductivity of mixed-phase CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x thin films have been reported as a function of temperature, ranging from room temperature (RT) to 388 K. Thermoelectric study confirms that CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x is a p-type material and the charge carrier transport in CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x is governed by polarons and the thermal scattering process. The Peltier function and power factor are found to decrease initially up to ∼325 K, after which they increase with increasing temperature. The position of (E F - E V) of all samples drops down sharply to zero level around 325 K. The avalanches of thermoelectric properties at ∼325 K indicate the existence of tetragonal-cubic phase transition in CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x . The calculated thermal conductivity is very low, as desired for thermoelectric materials, due to strong anharmonic interactions. Both the figure of merit (ZT) and device efficiency increase with increasing temperature. However, ZT remains small with temperature. Despite the limitations on the operating temperature range due to phase complexity and small ZT, CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x exhibits reasonable thermoelectric power and low thermal conductivity. This signifies the possibility of CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x as a prospective thermoelectric material.Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is commonly associated with an upregulation of fetal genes, fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Previous studies have demonstrated that gastrodin (GAS) exerts cardioprotective action in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the mechanism by which GAS protects against cardiac hypertrophy is yet to be elucidated. A mouse model of myocardial hypertrophy was established using an angiotensin II (Ang II) induction. GAS (5 or 50 mg/kg/d) was orally administered every day starting 7 days prior to the Ang II infusion combined with sham-operated controls. Heart samples from each group were collected for RNA sequencing. Using bioinformatics analysis, the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are involved in reversing cardiac function were identified. Through bioinformatics analysis, the key DEGs that are involved in GAS's inhibition of Ang II-induced abnormal gene expression within the heart were identified. This was further validated using quantitative redemonstrated that IGF2, and its receptor IGF2R, is one of the targets of GAS that helps protect against cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, we have identified, for the first time, IGF2/IGF2R as a potential target influenced by GAS in the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.Iboga alkaloids are a group of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with promising and intriguing biological activities. Ibogaine is the representative member of the series and has become widely known as a potent atypical psychedelic with promising effects to treat substance use disorder. Nowadays, an efficient and scalable enantioselective total synthesis of ibogaine and related iboga alkaloids is still lacking, so direct extraction from natural sources or semi-synthetic schemes are the methods of choice to obtain them in a preparative scale. In particular, ibogaine can be obtained either by a low yielding direct isolation from Tabernanthe iboga or using a semi-synthetic procedure from voacangine, an iboga alkaloid occurring in a higher yield in the root bark of Voacanga africana. AZD8186 PI3K inhibitor In this work, we describe an optimized process to obtain voacangine from V. africana root bark as a precursor of the iboga scaffold. Using a direct acetone-based extraction procedure (0.5 kg of root bark), voacangine was isolated in ∼0.8% of root bark dried weight, while the major alkaloids isolated from the bark were identified as iboga-vobasinyl dimers (∼3.7%) such as voacamine and voacamidine. Since these alkaloids contain the voacangine moiety in their structure, the cleavage of the dimers was further optimized, affording an extra amount of voacangine in ∼50% isolated molar yield. In this manner, the total amount of voacangine obtained by application of the whole procedure to the plant material (extraction and dimer cleavage) could almost duplicate the content originally found in the root bark.In view of the difference of the adsorption structure between soft and hard coal, there is a big difference in the critical value of the inspection index for the regional outburst risk caused by the gas content. For the coal seams with soft and hard coal stratification, the model of gas content in the equilibrium state was established first, and the microscopic parameters of different rank coals were determined by the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption test and mercury intrusion test. Then, the adsorption capacity of coal samples was determined by the adsorption test. Finally, the residual gas content of the coal seam in the equilibrium state was calculated based on the adsorbed gas content, and the critical value of prediction indexes of regional outburst based on the residual gas content was studied. The results show that for the same metamorphic degree, the specific surface area of soft coal is larger than that of hard coal. However, under the same gas pressure, the residual gas content of hard coal of anthracite and lean coal is greater than that of soft coal with the same metamorphic degree, while that of meager-lean coal and gas-fat coal is opposite. It is suggested to adopt the small value (rounded) of the measured gas content of soft and hard coal at 0.74 MPa as the critical value of the residual gas content in the regional effect test from the economic perspective. It is of great significance to determine the critical standard of the residual gas content in the regional effect test according to local conditions for reducing the cost of outburst prevention work.Realization of graphene-based sensors and electronic devices remains challenging, in part due to integration challenges with current fabrication and manufacturing processes. Thus, scalable methods for in situ fabrication of high-quality graphene-like materials are essential. Low-cost CO2 laser engravers can be used for site-selective conversion of polyimide under ambient conditions to create 3-D, rotationally disordered, few-layer, porous, graphene-like electrodes. However, the influences of non-linear parameter terms and interactions between key parameters on the graphitization process present challenges for rapid, resource-efficient optimization. An iterative optimization strategy was developed to identify promising regions in parameter space for two key parameters, laser power and scan speed, with the goal of optimizing electrode performance while maximizing scan speed and hence fabrication throughput. The strategy employed iterations of Design of Experiments Response Surface (DoE-RS) methods combined withimum parameter combinations that would be difficult to discover using traditional one-factor-at-a-time optimization. Verification data from Raman spectroscopy showed sharp 2D peaks with mean full-width-at-half-maximum intensity values less then 80 cm-1 for both regions, consistent with high-quality 3D graphene-like carbon. Graphene-based electrodes fabricated using the parameters from the respective regions yielded similar performance when employed as capacitive humidity sensors with hygroscopic dielectric layers. Devices fabricated using Region 1 parameters (16 Ω/sq) yielded capacitance responses of 0.78 ± 0.04 pF at 0% relative humidity (RH), increasing to 31 ± 7 pF at 85.1% RH. Region 2 devices (36 Ω/sq) showed comparable responses (0.88 ± 0.04 pF at 0% RH, 28 ± 5 pF at 85.1% RH).Blending hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline is considered as a feasible way for large-scale and long-distance delivery of hydrogen. However, the blended hydrogen can exert major impacts on the Joule-Thomson (J-T) coefficient of natural gas, which is a significant parameter for liquefaction of natural gas and formation of natural gas hydrate in engineering. In this study, the J-T coefficient of natural gas at different hydrogen blending ratios is numerically investigated. First, the theoretical formulas for calculating the J-T coefficient of the natural gas-hydrogen mixture using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state (EOS), Peng-Robinson EOS (PR-EOS), and Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling EOS (BWRS-EOS) are, respectively, derived, and the calculation accuracy is verified by experimental data. Then, the J-T coefficients of natural gas at six different hydrogen blending ratios and thermodynamic conditions are calculated and analyzed using the derived theoretical formulas and a widely used empirical formula.