Gallowaybush0626

To test the hypothesis that genetic variations of cannabinoid receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

In this genetic association case-control study, cannabinoid receptor polymorphisms CNR1 rs12720071 and CNR2 rs2229579 were tested for association with neurocognitive performance in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls. Neurocognition was assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).

We found a consistent association between CNR1 rs12720071 polymorphism and the cognitive performance of patients in several cognitive domains. Patients with C/C polymorphism presented significantly worse performance in motor speed, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed and reasoning/problem solving.

Although limited, our data support the hypothesis that CNR1 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.

Although limited, our data support the hypothesis that CNR1 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.

To investigate the effects of developing religiosity on abstinence of substance abuse among recovering addicts in a faith-based and a secular-based treatment program.

Religiosity of recovering addicts was measured using the 38-item Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality at three points in time at initiation of substance addiction treatment (wave 1), discharge from treatment (wave 2), and 6 months after treatment (wave 3). Latent growth curve modeling was used to assess the dynamic and developing effects of religiosity on after-treatment abstinence. Secular-based treatment emphasized the role of biological, psychological, and environmental determinants of substance abuse and provided detoxification interventions, such as counseling and group therapies, skill training, health care, and social support, however also relying on religious and spiritual growth to help recovery. Faith-based treatment fundamentally emphasized the Christian theory of addiction to consider substance abuse a sin caused by one's spiritual void and separation from God, although it also acknowledged the importance of biological, psychological, and social needs of rehabilitants.

Recovering addicts in faith-based treatment had significantly higher levels of religiosity at each wave (intercept factor) and better religious development across the three waves (slope factor). Selleckchem Sodium hydroxide This contributed to after-treatment abstinence and mediated the effect of treatment mode on after-treatment abstinence.

Service practitioners and researchers should note the importance of dynamic and developing nature of religiosity in relation to the maintenance of abstinence after treatment is completed.

Service practitioners and researchers should note the importance of dynamic and developing nature of religiosity in relation to the maintenance of abstinence after treatment is completed.

to assess breastfeeding support practices for preterm infants at two Baby-Friendly hospitals in southeastern Brazil, comparing the effect of implementing the guidelines for Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal wards.

a quasi-experimental study, pre- and post-intervention with control. Implementation of this initiative in the intervention hospital using Knowledge Translation. Data collection on compliance with the adapted Ten Steps, Three Guiding Principles and the Code before and after the intervention was carried out via interviews with mothers of preterm babies and professionals, unit observation and documentary analysis in the intervention and control hospitals. Intra-intergroup comparison was performed.

increases in global compliance with the Three Principles, Ten Steps, the Code, partial compliance with each Principle and in most Steps was greater in the intervention hospital. Conclusion this initiative improved practices related to breastfeeding in the intervention hospital, demonstrating the potential to improve care and breastfeeding in neonatal wards.

increases in global compliance with the Three Principles, Ten Steps, the Code, partial compliance with each Principle and in most Steps was greater in the intervention hospital. Conclusion this initiative improved practices related to breastfeeding in the intervention hospital, demonstrating the potential to improve care and breastfeeding in neonatal wards.

To analyze the temporal trends in the fertility rate, proportion of antenatal consultations and caesarean sections in Brazilian adolescents aged 15 to 19, between 2000 and 2015. Methods The fertility rate, proportion of prenatal consultations and proportion of routes of birth were calculated using data from DATASUS. The trend analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten regression model and the annual percentage change.

There was a trend of reduction of 3.5% per year in the fertility rate among adolescents (p<0.05), in addition to an increasing trend of 6% per year in the proportion of more than six antenatal consultations (p <0.0001) and an increasing trend of 6.8% per year in the proportion of caesarean sections (p<0.0001).

Despite the decreasing trend in fertility rates among Brazilian adolescents, they remain high. Also noteworthy is the growing trend for caesarean sections, even with improved access to antenatal care.

Despite the decreasing trend in fertility rates among Brazilian adolescents, they remain high. Also noteworthy is the growing trend for caesarean sections, even with improved access to antenatal care.

to analyze the association between individual characteristics and housing context with smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 3,580 pregnant women who underwent prenatal care in the Unified Health System in 2019. The outcomes were firsthand, secondhand smoke and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Individual characteristics and the living environment were used as exploratory variables.

living in a neighborhood with episodes of violence, without social cohesion and without urban elements that encourage physical activity was associated with smoking. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy was associated with living in environments that do not encourage physical activity. Smoking was also associated with lower income and education.

individual characteristics and the living environment are associated with smoking, secondhand smoke and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

individual characteristics and the living environment are associated with smoking, secondhand smoke and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

to describe the overview of clinical trial protocols for behavioral insomnia in infants.

an analytical study that reviewed protocols registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform between August and September 2019, aiming to identify the interventions for behavioral insomnia in infants, the comparators, the main primary, secondary outcomes and their respective measurements.

eleven protocols registered between 2004 and 2018 were included. Nurses were the main coordinators of protocols (45.5%), with proposals using educational technologies, one-to-one and online follow-up consultations. The main outcome was improvement of infant and maternal sleep patterns. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, depression, and parental sexual satisfaction. To measure them, the following were used sleep diary (54.5%), actigraphy (45.4%), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Interview (36.3%) and Extended Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (27.2%) were used.

the protocols proposed interventions for independent sleep, aiming at quality of sleep for the whole family.

the protocols proposed interventions for independent sleep, aiming at quality of sleep for the whole family.

to verify the validity of indicators' content referring to the instrument for data collection in children aged 0 to 5 years hospitalized in a pediatric clinic.

a cross-sectional methodological study was carried out with 11 experts between January and May 2018. For data collection, the steps for validating the instrument's content were respected. For data analysis, Content Validity Index and Kappa agreement analysis were used.

after content analysis, a Content Validity Index of 0.94 and Kappa 0.71 was issued according to the experts' suggestions 81.9%. Therefore, the instrument was suitable for applicability.

the instrument proved to be valid in terms of content for pediatric care, contributing significantly to improving care for hospitalized children aged 0 to 5 years.

the instrument proved to be valid in terms of content for pediatric care, contributing significantly to improving care for hospitalized children aged 0 to 5 years.The Paraguayan War ended 150 years ago. Back then, there were outbreaks of combatants' limb weakness and tingling related to "palustrian cachexia", not clearly funded at the time on nutritional deficiency, the use of native flora to feed troops, and alcoholism. We report a case of a soldier with ascending paralysis, mental confusion and finally tetraplegia with preserved oculomotricity. This would probably be a case of locked-in syndrome (LIS) due to Gayet-Wernicke's encephalopathy consequent to thiamine deficiency. The role of thiamine in the peripheral or central nervous system expression was shown decades later to be related to poor diet, or use of foods containing thiaminase or thiamine antagonists, worsened by the fact that the bodily stores of thiamine are restricted, and deficits may grow fast.

Neurological disorders are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, data about general neurological inpatient admissions in Brazil is limited. Objective To investigate the prevalence of neurological disorders according to disease group and lesion site among patients admitted to a general Neurology ward.

This was an observational and descriptive study. The hospital discharge database for the Neurology ward was surveyed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), from September 2008 to October 2019. The final diagnosis was classified into neurological disorder groups and site.

Overall, 2,606 clinical neurological patient files were included, with mean length of hospitalization of 16.7 days and a total of 325 readmissions (12.5%). The overall mortality rate in the ward was 3.8% (100 patients). Among all the diagnoses, cerebrovascular disease was the most prevalent (45.8%), followed by inflammatory disorders (22.2%). The brain was the most common lesion site (66.0%), followed by peripheral nerves (10.0%) and meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (7.7%).

The disease pattern upon admission showed that a majority of the cases consisted of cerebrovascular disorders and that the brain was the most frequently affected structure, although we observed that a wide variety of cases were admitted, encompassing all neurological disorders.

The disease pattern upon admission showed that a majority of the cases consisted of cerebrovascular disorders and that the brain was the most frequently affected structure, although we observed that a wide variety of cases were admitted, encompassing all neurological disorders.