Gallegosblair1855

OBJECTIVES Mismatch negativity (MMN), an auditory event-related potential sensitive to deviance detection, is smaller in schizophrenia and psychosis risk. In a multisite study, a regression approach to account for effects of site and age (12-35 years) was evaluated alongside the one-year stability of MMN. METHODS Stability of frequency, duration, and frequency + duration (double) deviant MMN was assessed in 167 healthy subjects, tested on two occasions, separated by 52 weeks, at one of eight sites. Linear regression models predicting MMN with age and site were validated and used to derive standardized MMN z-scores. Variance components estimated for MMN amplitude and latency measures were used to calculate Generalizability (G) coefficients within each site to assess MMN stability. Trait-like aspects of MMN were captured by averaging across occasions and correlated with subject traits. RESULTS Age and site accounted for less than 7% of MMN variance. G-coefficients calculated at electrode Fz were stable (G = 0.63) across deviants and sites for amplitude measured in a fixed window, but not for latency (G = 0.37). Frequency deviant MMN z-scores averaged across tests negatively correlated with averaged global assessment of functioning. CONCLUSION MMN amplitude is stable and can be standardized to facilitate longitudinal multisite studies of patients and clinical features. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES A new wireless spinal cord stimulation (SCS) technology, which was introduced in recent years, promises minimal invasive SCS as well as additional advantages such as a wide range of stimulation paradigms and 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conditionality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated 12 patients suffering from therapy-resistant neuropathic pain, who were implanted with a wireless SCS system from 2017 to 2019. Potential issues pertaining to handling and usability of the SCS device were evaluated from a patients' as well as from a surgeon's perspective. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 228.0 days (95% CI, 20.0-518.0 days). We did not record any handling issues nor did we record any relevant local discomfort associated with the implanted SCS device. N = 3/12 patients reported discomfort from wearing the SCS antenna and one patient complained about a short battery life of the controller device. There were no reported incidents during 3-T MRI studies. After an average test period of 51.7 days (95% CI, 11.0-104.0 days), N = 9/12 patients (75%) had reached pain relief of 50% or more with an average pain relief (responders and partial responders) of 67.4% (95% CI, 50.0%-85.0%). On average, patients tested 2.2 different stimulation paradigms, with frequencies ranging from 60 Hz to 10 kHz, but there was no preferred stimulation paradigm. CONCLUSIONS Minimal invasive implantation of wireless SCS systems was feasible and safe. The device offered a broader range of stimulation paradigms compared to conventional SCS devices, an allowed for a prolonged testing phase and continuous adjustment of SCS programs. © 2020 International Neuromodulation Society.Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, positive single-stranded sense RNA virus transmitted by Aedes species. Many efforts have been conducted to find a good, reliable and cost-effective test for ZIKV diagnosis. Diagnosis is still imprecise, expensive and there is not a standard model. We investigated the publications on ZIKV diagnostics and analyzed varieties of diagnostic methods, sensibility, specificity, and the evolution of new methodologies. Conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-P statement, three blocks of MeSH terms were assembled group I virus infection; group II diagnostic methodologies; group III characteristics and varieties on diagnostic methods. Search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Eighteen articles were retrieved, reporting serological and molecular diagnostic techniques. Serum was used as the main biological material in the serological diagnosis, but urine and sperm were presented as an alternative. Molecular methods used structural and nonstructural regions of ZIKV genome. Experimental methodologies were more efficient, faster, and cheaper. Serological tests are faster and less expensive than molecular assays, but molecular assays are more specific. The use of both methodologies would be the most appropriate and reliable way to obtain correct diagnostic results. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.AIMS/INTRODUCTION The aim of the current study was to prospectively evaluate the association between passive smoking from a spouse and the risk of diabetes among never-smoking Japanese women. Passive smoking at a workplace (or public facilities) was assessed as a secondary measure. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the Japan Public Health Center-based study (baseline 1990 or 1993), we followed 25,391 never-smoking women aged 40 to 69 years old and without diabetes. Passive smoking was defined as having a husband who was a self-reported smoker, and the exposure at a workplace (or public facilities) was self-reported by women. selleck The development of diabetes was identified in questionnaires administered at the 5-year and 10-year surveys. A pooled logistic regression model was used to assess the association between passive smoking and the development of diabetes with adjustment for age and possible confounders. RESULTS Compared to women whose husband had never smoked, women whose husband smoked ≥ 40 cigarettes/day had a significantly higher odds of developing diabetes in an age-adjusted model but, which the association was attenuated in a multivariable model (odds ratio (OR)=1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.87). There was a dose-response trend between a number of cigarettes smoked by a husband and the odds of developing diabetes. (p=0.02). Women reporting daily passive smoking at a workplace (or public facilities) had higher odds of developing diabetes than women reporting no such exposure (OR=1.23, 95%CI 0.995-1.53). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a higher risk of diabetes among never-smoking Japanese women with higher exposure to passive smoking from a spouse. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.