Galbraithhogan5546
Mice with systemic or nervous system deletion of mIndy also exhibit increased hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic spine formation in dentate granule cells; these changes are well-documented contributors to enhanced memory performance. Together, our studies demonstrate a critical role for brain-derived mIndy expression in the regulation of memory function in animals.It is widely believed that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary supplementation with GSPE has been reported to alleviate colitis signs in mice, but the mechanisms involved require further exploration. The present study investigated how the oral administration of GSPE ameliorates colitis signs and reduces colitis-associated inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were treated with GSPE for 21 days. During the final 7 days of treatment, the mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) dissolved in drinking water to induce experimental colitis. We found that GSPE treatment improved DSS-induced colitis, which was evidenced by decreases in disease activity index (DAI) scores, pathological scores, and oxidative stress and increases in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 mRNA levels of colon tissue. Notably, the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly downregulated as a result of GSPE treatment in colon tissues. GSPE treatment also reduced NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mRNA levels of colon tissue. Furthermore, an analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed that GSPE rebalanced the DSS-damaged gut microbiota, including reducing Bacteroidetes, Dubosiella, and Veillonella, increasing Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia, and elevating the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. In conclusion, GSPE supplementation alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidation stress, maintaining the intestinal barrier, and improving the microbial community. These results indicate that GSPE might be a new dietary strategy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.As conventional bulky methods for extracellular vesicle (EV) separation are unsuitable for small volumes of samples, microfluidic devices are thought to offer a solution for the integrated and automatic processing of EV separation. This study demonstrates a simple microfluidic aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for EV separation with high recovery efficiency to overcome the limitation of previous devices, which require complex external equipment or high cost manufacturing. With polyethylene glycol and dextran in the microfluidic channel, the isolation mechanism of the microfluidic ATPS was analyzed by comparison between two-phase and one-phase systems. Our device could facilitate continuous EV isolation with 83.4% recovery efficiency and remove 65.4% of the proteins from the EV-protein mixture. EVs were also successfully isolated from human plasma at high recovery efficiency.Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based rod-like nanoparticles with a quickly expanding market. Despite the fact that a variety of production routes and starting cellulose sources are employed, all industrially produced CNCs consist of cellulose I (CNC-I), the native crystalline allomorph of cellulose. Here a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties and liquid crystalline behavior of CNCs produced from cellulose II (CNC-II) and typical CNC-I is reported. CNC-I and CNC-II are isolated by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cotton and mercerized cotton, respectively. The two allomorphs display similar surface charge densities and ζ-potentials and both have a right-handed twist, but CNC-II have a slightly smaller average length and aspect ratio, and are less hygroscopic. Interestingly, the self-assembly behavior of CNC-I and CNC-II in water is different. Whilst CNC-I forms a chiral nematic phase, CNC-II initially phase separates into an upper isotropic and a lower nematic liquid crystalline phase, before a slow reorganization into a large-pitch chiral nematic texture occurs. This is potentially caused by a combination of factors, including the inferred faster rotational diffusion of CNC-II and the different crystal structures of CNC-I and CNC-II, which are responsible for the presence and absence of a giant dipole moment, respectively.Correction for 'Two-dimensional nanocoating-enabled orthopedic implants for bimodal therapeutic applications' by Song Wang et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 11936-11946, DOI 10.1039/D0NR02327B.We report a curious case study of a Zr(iv)-carboxylate framework, which retains significant crystalline order after cascade thermocyclization of its linker components, and - more notably - after the crucial carboxylate links were severed by heat. Vigorous heat treatment (e.g., 450 °C and above) benzannulates the multiple alkyne groups on the linker to generate linked nanographene blocks and to afford real stability. The resultant Zr oxide/nanographene hybrid solid is stable in saturated NaOH and concentrated H3PO4, allowing a convenient anchoring of H3PO4 into its porous matrix to enable size-selective heterogeneous acid catalysis. The Zr oxide components can also be removed by strong hydrofluoric acid to further enhance the surface area (up to 650 m2 g-1), without collapsing the nanographene scaffold. The crystallinity order and the extensive thermal transformations were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), IR, solid state NMR and other instrumental methods.Oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota disorders can be induced by long-term high-fat diets (HFD). In order to confirm that polyphenols can improve these symptoms, polyphenols from Shanxi-aged vinegar (SAVEP) were extracted, and the components were detected by Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS). 41 polyphenols include 18 phenolic acids and 17 polyphenols, which have not been reported. The mechanism of SAVEP on oxidative stress and inflammatory stress induced by HFD in rats and its regulating effect on intestinal flora disorder were studied. The results showed that SAVEP could significantly improve the lipid, inflammatory stress and oxidative stress related indicators compared with the Model group ("Model" refers to the group that successfully constructed a hyperlipidemia model by feeding HFD without any drugs or SAVEP in subsequent experiments.). In addition, SAVEP decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with the Model group, and elevated the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Conclusively, SAVEP can alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammatory stress caused by HFD, improving intestinal microbial disorders. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Desulfovibrio, Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were correlated negatively with all of the inflammatory indicators, whereas Ruminococcus was the opposite. These results suggest that SAVEP may be a novel strategy against oxidative stress and inflammation, restoring the normal microbial community ecology of the gut and the treatment of metabolic syndromes.Red emitting phosphors of Mn4+ doped fluorides are in high demand because the high color purities of phosphors make them potentially useful white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) as backlights of electronic devices. selleck We herein report an efficient red emitting phosphor KRbGeF6 Mn4+ (KRGF Mn) that was prepared by an in situ one-pot ion-exchange method at room temperature without organic solvents or HF. Homogenous mixtures of the starting materials with a stoichiometric KRGF Mn ratio were partly dissolved in various acid solutions, and [MnF6]2- and [GeF6]2- successively underwent ion exchange under stirring. More importantly, in situ recrystallization of KRGF Mn occurred simultaneously in solution with water as a solvent. Evidently, the formation of stable KRGF Mn crystals propels the processes of dissolution and ion exchange. link2 We also investigated the effect of inorganic acids on the resultant phases and photoluminescence properties of KRGF Mn. The red phosphor KRGF Mn prepared in HCl solution shows the highest luminescence intensity with an yield of 80%.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) supplementation in sows during gestation and lactation on intestinal health in offspring. A total of 40 cross-bred (landrace × large white crossed with Duroc boar) multiparity gestation sows with an average parity of 4.3 were used in this study. Forty sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments after breeding. One group was the control sows, which were fed a corn-soybean meal control diet (Con treatment, n = 20), and the other group was the treatment sows fed a control diet with 20 mg kg-1 PQQ·Na2 after breeding and through gestation and lactation (PQQ treatment, n = 20). The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly (P less then 0.05) increased by PQQ·Na2 supplementation, and MDA activity was decreased (P less then 0.05) in the plasma of piglets. CAT, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly (P less then 0.05) increased, and MDA activity was decreased (P less then 0.05) in the sm abundance of Alloprevotella was significantly increased (P less then 0.05), and the abundance of Actinobacillus and Escherichia was decreased (P less then 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 in sows during gestation and lactation had positive effects on intestinal health in offspring.Enzymes exhibit a large degree of compatibility with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) which allows the development of multicomponent catalysts consisting of enzymes adsorbed or occluded by MOFs. The combination of enzymes and MOFs in a multicomponent catalyst can be used to promote cascade reactions in which two or more individual reactions are performed in a single step. Cascade reactions take place due to the cooperation of active sites present on the MOF with the enzyme. A survey of the available data establishes that often an enzyme undergoes stabilization by association with a MOF and the system exhibits notable recyclability. In addition, the existence of synergism is observed as a consequence of the close proximity of all the required active sites in the multicomponent catalyst. After an introductory section describing the specific features and properties of enzyme-MOF assemblies, the main part of the present review focuses on the description of the cascade reactions that have been reported with commercial enzymes associated with MOFs, paying special attention to the advantages derived from the multicomponent catalyst. Related to the catalytic activity to metabolize glucose, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing the solution pH, an independent section describes the recent use of enzyme-MOF catalysts in cancer therapy. The last paragraphs summarize the current state of the art and provide our view on future developments in this field.Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extracts (CE) are rich in polyphenols and usually exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. We have previously shown that the CE used in this study activated macrophages and stimulated effector T cell differentiation in vitro. When applied orally to healthy mice, CE increased the proportion of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. CE-pretreated BALB/c mice readily eradicated orally ingested Listeria monocytogenes as evidenced by a slighter decrease in body weight and number of bacteria recovered from the spleen and reduced spleen size compared to the control infected mice. CE pretreatment in infected mice resulted in higher proportions of CD11b+ macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells both in the gut and the spleen. link3 Phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and the proportions of activated CD86+ macrophages (CD11b+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+) were also enhanced in CE-pretreated infected mice. Furthermore, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6 was increased in CE-pretreated infected mice and similar results were obtained in peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
