Gadegaardkusk4560
Interestingly, the expression of miR-143-3p, miR-224-5p, miR-361-5p, miR-452-5p, miR-486-3p, and miR-891a-5p increased with the worsening of PVR grading. We also identified 34 miRNAs showing differential expression in PVR compared to control vitreous samples. Tecovirimat in vivo GO analysis showed that the deregulated miRNAs participate in processes previously associated with PVR pathogenesis.
The present pilot study suggested that dysregulated vitreal miRNAs may be considered as a biomarker of PVR and associated with the PVR-related complications in patients with RD.
The correlation between vitreal miRNAs and the pathological phenotypes are essential to identify the novel miRNA-based mechanisms underlying the PVR disease that would improve the diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
The correlation between vitreal miRNAs and the pathological phenotypes are essential to identify the novel miRNA-based mechanisms underlying the PVR disease that would improve the diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the presence of growth factors (GFs) and fibronectin in autologous platelet-rich plasma for topical ocular use (E-PRP) comparing their concentration when different preparation and preservation procedures were applied.
E-PRP was prepared with blood from healthy volunteers. The count of platelets, leukocytes, and red blood cells in the whole blood and E-PRP were performed. The concentration of the GFs platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and fibronectin was determined in each of the four procedures applied including fresh, frozen at -20°C for 3 months, fresh-spin, and frozen-spin at -20°C E-PRP samples. Posterior statistical analysis was performed to establish significant differences between groups and between GFs in relation to the amounts of platelets.
Platelets in the E-PRP doubled in the number of basal values of whole blood (
≤ 0.01) improved by starting from basic research. The quantification of GFs and fibronectin in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps to clarify which is the best mode of preparation and preservation of PRP for clinical applications. This allows to optimize the product that is delivered to the patients as a treatment for the dysfunctions of the ocular surface, guaranteeing that the conservation does not affect at all the quality of the PRP that it is going to be used.
This work demonstrates how clinical application can be improved by starting from basic research. The quantification of GFs and fibronectin in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps to clarify which is the best mode of preparation and preservation of PRP for clinical applications. This allows to optimize the product that is delivered to the patients as a treatment for the dysfunctions of the ocular surface, guaranteeing that the conservation does not affect at all the quality of the PRP that it is going to be used.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the corneal stroma, and their spatiotemporal arrangement regulates the organization of collagen fibrils and maintains corneal transparency. This study was undertaken to determine the consequences of hyaluronidase (HAse) injected into the corneal stroma on stromal stiffness and ultrastructure.
Equal volumes of HAse or balanced salt solution (vehicle) were injected intrastromally into the corneas of New Zealand white rabbits. Ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging techniques, including Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), were performed at multiple time points to evaluate the impact of HAse treatment in vivo. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to measure corneal stiffness and collagen's interfibrillar spacing, respectively.
Central corneal thickness progressively decreased after HAse injection, reaching its lowest value at day 7, and then returned to normal by day 42. The HAse did not impact the corneal endothelium but transiently altered keratocyte morphology at days 1 and 7, as measured by IVCM. HAse-injected corneas became stiffer by day 1 postinjection, were stiffest at day 7, and returned to preinjection values by day 90. Changes in stromal stiffness correlated with decreased interfibrillar spacing as measured by TEM.
Degradation of GAGs by HAse decreases the corneal thickness and increases stromal stiffness through increased packing of the collagen fibrils in a time-dependent manner.
Intrastromal HAse injection appears relatively safe in the normal cornea, but its impact on corneal biomechanics and structure under pathologic conditions requires further study.
Intrastromal HAse injection appears relatively safe in the normal cornea, but its impact on corneal biomechanics and structure under pathologic conditions requires further study.
To investigate the intraocular distribution and kinetics of antibodies and nanoparticles in the experimental model.
Antibodies (whole IgG 149kDa, antigen-binding fragments 48.39 kDa) and four kinds of nondegradable nanoparticles (25, 50, 200, and 250 nm) were intravitreally injected in the right eye of New Zealand white rabbits. The average optical density and concentration were used to measure intraocular distribution and kinetics.
After intravitreal injection, antibodies were distributed throughout the vitreous humor and eliminated gradually into anterior and posterior routes. Fluorescence intensity decreased 1 day after injection and was not detected 25 days after injection. The nondegradable nanoparticles migrated posteriorly to the retina 7 days after injection onward and anteriorly to the aqueous humor from 1 hour to 1 day after injection. The fluorescence intensity of the nanoparticles was relatively stable in the vitreous humor, compared to antibodies. Nanoparticles accumulated on the internal limiting membrane of the retina with no penetration into deeper retinal tissue, whereas the smaller size 25 nm nanoparticles passed across the ciliary body and moved into choroid, retina, and suprachoroidal space. A gradual decrease of nanoparticles by their sizes in the vitreous after 30 days after injection was described as the percentage ratio 61.1% (25 nm), 69.1% (50 nm), 78.6% (200nm), and 85.3% (250 nm).
Our study revealed the in vivo intraocular distribution and kinetics of antibodies and nanoparticles with diverse sizes and the result might help to develop newer intraocular drugs and drug delivery systems to treat retinal diseases.
These experimental results can be valuable data for human research.
These experimental results can be valuable data for human research.
Children with visual impairment often experience more difficulties regarding participation compared to sighted peers. The Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI-CY) has recently been developed to assess their participation needs. A novel application in the field of questionnaires is the use of network analysis to explore interrelations between items in order to capture their complex interactions as a reflection of the overall construct of measurement. This study aimed to apply network modeling for the PAI-CY 7-12 from the perspectives of children and their parents.
Children and their parents (
= 195) completed the 55-item PAI-CY via face-to-face interviews and a web-based survey, respectively. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concordance between children and parents were investigated. Two networks were created, along with visualizations of shared and differential connections between children and parents.
Eight items were deleted. Network structures were dissimilar; for children, connections evolved around social contacts and school items, whereas for parents, mobility, leisure time, acceptance, self-reliance, and communication items prevailed. In the children's network, playing imaginary games, inviting a friend to play at home, and estimating the distance from others were most connected to other items.
This study uniquely identifies connections between items of the PAI-CY 7-12, highlighting the different perspectives parents and children have on what defines participation, possibly implying that they perceive the relevance of various rehabilitation programs differently.
Rehabilitation programs aimed at improving the most connected items might positively affect other items in the network, possibly improving children's participation.
Rehabilitation programs aimed at improving the most connected items might positively affect other items in the network, possibly improving children's participation.
This study investigated the effects of esterification and increased lipophilicity on cellular penetration, accumulation and retention in ARPE-19-nic cells using ester functionalized rhodamine B dyes.
Rhodamine B was esterified to generate four dyes with increasing lipophilicity. Cellular uptake, retention and mitochondrial localization were investigated in vitro using ARPE-19-nic cells using direct intracellular and extracellular and mitochondrial fluorescence quantitation, confocal and high-resolution live cell imaging and co-localization with Mito-GFP.
Cellular penetrance, mitochondrial accumulation, and retention of the esterified dyes were increased in ARPE-19-nic cells compared with the nonesterified parent dye by direct fluorescence quantitation. Imaging demonstrated intracellular accumulation was confined to mitochondria as confirmed by colocalization with Mito-GFP.
Esterification is an effective way to increase lipophilicity of a dye to improve cellular penetration of chemical entities. These observations may be key to improving retinal drug delivery for retinal pigment epithelium-based diseases.
Understanding the intracellular distribution of drugs into retinal pigment epithelium cells is a critical component for identifying potential therapies for retinal pigment epithelium-based diseases.
Understanding the intracellular distribution of drugs into retinal pigment epithelium cells is a critical component for identifying potential therapies for retinal pigment epithelium-based diseases.
To assess agreement between different image sizes and analysis protocols for determination of retinal vessel oxygen saturation in the peripapillary retina of healthy individuals.
Retinal oximetry measurements were acquired from 87 healthy volunteers using the IMEDOS Systems oxygen module. The peripapillary retinal vessels were assessed in a concentric annulus around the optic nerve head. Single and average vessel comparisons were made at different image field sizes of 30° and 50°. Comparisons between images obtained at 30° and 50° were made in a subset of 47 of the 87 individuals.
All subjects were normotensive and had normal intraocular pressures (9-16 mm Hg). Analyses of agreement between single vessel, averaged vessel, and between different size images were sought by Bland-Altman analyses, of which all yielded a low bias (<1% oxygen saturation). However, agreement between single vessels of consecutive images showed increased limits of agreement compared with saturation values calculated by averaging all or just the four major arcades of one image.
