Frylohse2662

For over two centuries, the wheelchair has been one of the most common assistive devices for individuals with locomotor impairments without many modifications. Wheelchair control is a complex motor task that increases both the physical and cognitive workload. New wheelchair interfaces, including Power Assisted devices, can further augment users by reducing the required physical effort, however little is known on the mental effort implications. In this study, we adopted a neuroergonomic approach utilizing mobile and wireless functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based brain monitoring of physically active participants. 48 volunteers (30 novice and 18 experienced) selfpropelled on a wheelchair with and without a PowerAssist interface in both simple and complex realistic environments. Results indicated that as expected, the complex more difficult environment led to lower task performance complemented by higher prefrontal cortex activity compared to the simple environment. The use of the PowerAssist feature had significantly lower brain activation compared to traditional manual control only for novices. Expertise led to a lower brain activation pattern within the middle frontal gyrus, complemented by performance metrics that involve lower cognitive workload. Results here confirm the potential of the Neuroergonomic approach and that direct neural activity measures can complement and enhance task performance metrics. We conclude that the cognitive workload benefits of PowerAssist are more directed to new users and difficult settings. The approach demonstrated here can be utilized in future studies to enable greater personalization and understanding of mobility interfaces within real-world dynamic environments.Background and importance Symptomatic tethering of the optic nerves and chiasm is a rare occurrence and has been reported following both surgical and medical treatment of pituitary adenoma. Here we present a case of primary optic chiasm tethering in a patient with empty sella syndrome. Clinical presentation The patient was a 61-yr-old female who presented with progressively worsening bitemporal hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain revealed an empty sella with herniation of the optic chiasm into the sella. The patient underwent an endoscopic, endonasal/trans-sphenoidal approach to the sella, where the optic chiasm was then detethered via lysis of arachnoid adhesions and ultimately buttressed with an abdominal fat graft. Postoperatively, the patient did well with subjective and objective improvements in her visual fields. Conclusion We report a rare case of primary tethered optic chiasm, which was successfully treated via an endoscopic, endonasal approach with abdominal fat graft harvest.Myocardial hypertrophy is a major pathological and physiological process during heart failure. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a glucagon incretin hormone released from the gut endocrine L-cells that has protective effects on various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial hypertrophy. However, the protective mechanisms of GLP-1 in myocardial hypertrophy remain unclear. Here, we showed that the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin decreased heart weight and cardiac muscle cell volume in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In H9C2 cell hypertensive models induced by angiotensin II, GLP-1 treatment reduced myocardial cell volume, inhibited the expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain/B-type natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain, RhoA, and ROCK2, and decreased MLC and MYPT1 phosphorylation. When H9C2 cells were treated with H89, a PKA inhibitor, the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 disappeared, while the inhibitory role was enhanced under the treatment of Y-27632, a ROCK2 inhibitor. These results suggested that GLP-1 might reverse myocardial hypertrophy through the PKA/RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway.Objective The aim To study clinical efficiency of using the diode laser in the treatment of chronic catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis. Patients and methods Materials and methods Treatment of 32 patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and 30 patients with hypertrophic gingivitis by basic therapy according to the protocols of dental care was carried out. The patients of the main groups were additionally subjected to laser irradiation of the affected areas of the gums with a diode laser. Results Results The use of laser therapy in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis contributed to the pain relief, reducing of bleeding and edema of the gums in 68.8% of patients on the 3rd day of observation. On the 7th day, 93.8% of the examined patients had no inflammation in periodontal tissues. During treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis, anti-inflammatory and decongestant effects, improvements in the aesthetic appearance of the gums were revealed in 33.3% patients on the 3rd day of the examination; absence of inflammation, gingival bleeding and gum hypertrophy was diagnosed in 53.3% on the 7th day and in 80.0% patients on 14th day of follow-up. In the control group, similar changes were revealed only in 68.8% patients with catarrhal gingivitis and in 46.7% patients with hypertrophic gingivitis after complete course of drug treatment in 14 days of observation. Conclusion Conclusions The use of a diode laser in patients with chronic gingivitis has provided a reduction in the term required for the complete elimination of the inflammatory process and suspended its further progression.In recent years, dynamic multiobjective optimization problems (DMOPs) have drawn increasing interest. Many dynamic multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (DMOEAs) have been put forward to solve DMOPs mainly by incorporating diversity introduction or prediction approaches with conventional multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. Maintaining a good balance of population diversity and convergence is critical to the performance of DMOEAs. To address the above issue, a DMOEA based on decision variable classification (DMOEA-DVC) is proposed in this article. DMOEA-DVC divides the decision variables into two and three different groups in static optimization and changes response stages, respectively. Golvatinib mouse In static optimization, two different crossover operators are used for the two decision variable groups to accelerate the convergence while maintaining good diversity. In change response, DMOEA-DVC reinitializes the three decision variable groups by maintenance, prediction, and diversity introduction strategies, respectively. DMOEA-DVC is compared with the other six state-of-the-art DMOEAs on 33 benchmark DMOPs. The experimental results demonstrate that the overall performance of the DMOEA-DVC is superior or comparable to that of the compared algorithms.Clustering tumor metastasis samples from gene expression data at the whole genome level remains an arduous challenge, in particular, when the number of experimental samples is small and the number of genes is huge. We focus on the prediction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is an underlying mechanism of tumor metastasis, here, rather than tumor metastasis itself, to avoid confounding effects of uncertainties derived from various factors. In this paper, we propose a novel model in predicting EMT based on multidimensional scaling (MDS) strategies and integrating entropy and random matrix detection strategies to determine the optimal reduced number of dimension in low dimensional space. We verified our proposed model with the gene expression data for EMT samples of breast cancer and the experimental results demonstrated the superiority over state-of-the-art clustering methods. Furthermore, we developed a novel feature extraction method for selecting the significant genes and predicting the tumor metastasis. The source code is available at "https//github.com/yushanqiu/yushan.qiu-szu.edu.cn".We herein report the distal γ-C(sp 3 )-H olefination of ketone derivatives and free carboxylic acids. Fine tuning of our previously reported imino-acid directing group and use of the ligand combination of mono- N -protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands and electron-deficient 2-pyridone ligands were critical for the γ-C(sp 3 )-H olefination of ketone substrates. In addition, MPAA ligands were found to enable the γ-C(sp 3 )-H olefination of free carboxylic acids to form diverse 6-membered lactones. Besides alkyl carboxylic acids, benzylic C(sp 3 )-H also could be functionalized to form 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin structures in a single step from 2-methyl benzoic acid derivatives. The utility of these protocols was demonstrated in large scale reactions and diversifications of the γ-C(sp 3 )-H olefinated products.Numerous studies have examined the electrochemical behavior of Co-28Cr-6Mo and Co-35Ni-20Cr-10Mo in simulated physiological solutions. However, two other CoCr alloys-Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni and Co-20Cr-16Fe-15Ni-7Mo-have received relatively little attention. In this work, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of as-received and passivated CoCrWNi and CoCrFeNiMo in phosphate-buffered saline. Comparison of the potentiodynamic results with those for as-received and electropolished CoNiCrMo showed marked differences in the passive behavior of the three alloys, even though they are all Co-20Cr. The passive film on all three alloys underwent solid-state oxidation involving Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and Co(II) to Co(III). However, the alloys then differed substantially in their behavior. CoCrFeNiMo exhibited no further changes up to the onset of water oxidation, whereas CoNiCrMo was subject to transpassive dissolution, while CoCrWNi underwent a second oxidation and then localized breakdown of the oxide. The EIS results also showed differences between the alloys with regard to the oxide thickness and resistivity. The thickness increased in the order CoCrFeNiMo less then CoNiCrMo less then CoCrWNi. Passivation increased the thickness but did not significantly affect the resistivity. For the as-received alloys, the resistivity increased with thickness, suggesting that the oxide films became less defective with increasing thickness.L-arginine has many special physiological and biochemical functions, with wide applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Few studies on the purification of L-arginine from fermentation broth have been conducted; however, none of them were systematic enough for industrial scale-up. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a highly efficient and systematic process for the purification of L-arginine from fermentation broth. In this study, we screened out a cation exchange resin, D155, having high exchange capacity, high selectivity, and easy elution capacity, and analyzed its adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics, and kinetics using different models. Further, the process parameters of fixed-bed ion exchange adsorption and elution were optimized, and the penetration curve during the operation was modeled. Based on the fixed-bed ion exchange parameters, a 30-column continuous ion exchange system was designed, and the flow velocity in each zone was optimized. Finally, to obtain a high purity of L-arginine, the purification tests were conducted using anion exchange resin 711, and an L-arginine yield of 99.