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The burden of depressive disorder is large and new treatment approaches are required. Repurposing widely available drugs such as statins may be a time- and cost-effective solution. Statins have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties which have been shown to be relevant to the pathophysiology of depression. This study assesses the efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and safety of statins in major depressive disorder.

Our study is an update and extension of a previous meta-analysis published in 2016 by Salagre et al. We performed a systematic review (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov until the 1st September 2020) and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using any statin against placebo or any other statin in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Our primary efficacy outcome measure was the mean value on any standardized scale for depressive symptoms at 8 weeks of treatment. We also calculated outcomes for efficacy, response, and remcacious than less lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules.

This systematic review suggests the efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and safety of statins in addition to antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder. Further clinical trials in different settings are required to test this result.

PROSPERO registration CRD42020170938.

PROSPERO registration CRD42020170938.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going epidemic with a multitude of long-ranging effects on the physiological balance of the human body. Selleckchem Bioactive Compound Library It can cause several effects on thyroid functions as well. We aimed to assess the lasting sequelae of COVID-19 on thyroid hormone and the clinical course of the disease as a result.

Out of 76 patients, 48 patients of COVID-19 positive and 28 patients of COVID-19 negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were assessed for thyroid functions, IL-6, and Procalcitonin between moderate, severe, and critical pneumonia on HRCT.

Seventy-five percent of patients with COVID-19 had thyroid abnormalities and higher IL-6 levels (76.10 ± 82.35 vs. 6.99 ± 3.99, 95% CI 52.18-100.01, P-value <0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested TT3 (P-value 0.01), IL-6 (P-value <0.01), and Procalcitonin (P-value 0.03) as independent risk factors for COVID-19. ROC curve demonstrated IL-6 as the most sensitive marker (P-value <0.01), and TT3, and Procalcitonin as the predictor for COVID-19 disease.

This pilot study from Pakistan demonstrates that changes in serum TSH and TT3 levels may be important manifestations of the courses of COVID-19 pneumonia.

This pilot study from Pakistan demonstrates that changes in serum TSH and TT3 levels may be important manifestations of the courses of COVID-19 pneumonia.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0241811.].Mental illness is prevalent among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Given that the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways are involved in the etiology of psychiatric disease, this study evaluated the genetic association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) genes with psychiatric symptom susceptibility among HD patients. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients (n = 265). Genetic polymorphisms of DRD4 (48 bp VNTR) and SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR VNTR and rs25531) were examined using a conventional polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, as appropriate. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes, SLC6A4 tri-allelic-phased genotype, and DRD4-Exon III VNTR genotypes/alleles between patients with anxiety symptoms versus those with normal/borderline conditions (p less then 0.05). Binary logistic regression analyses showed that the heterozygous 4,5 VNTR genotype of DRD4 was associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms after adjusting for other covariates (odds ratio = 4.25, p = 0.028). None of the studied polymorphisms was linked to depression in HD patients. Collectively, the current findings provide genetic clues to psychopathology in HD patients and suggest that the DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism is involved in the etiology of anxiety in this patient population.The leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT, g cm-2) and fuel moisture content (FMC, %) are key variables in ecological and environmental monitoring. Although a variety of hyperspectral vegetation indices have been developed to estimate the leaf EWT and FMC, most of these indices are defined considered two or three specific bands for a specific plant species, which limits their applicability. In this study, we proposed three new spectral absorption indices (SAI970, SAI1200, and SAI1660) for various plant types by considering the symmetry of the spectral absorption at 970 nm, 1200 nm and 1660 nm and spectral heterogeneity of different leaves. The indices were calculated considering the absorption peak and shoulder bands of each leaf instead of the same specific bands for all leaves. A pooled dataset of three tree species (camphor (VX), capricorn (VJ), and red-leaf plum (VL)) was used to test the performance of the SAIs in terms of the leaf EWT and FMC estimation. The results indicated that, first, SAI1200 was more suitable for estimating the EWT than FMC, whereas SAI970 and SAI1660 were more suitable for estimating the FMC. Second, SAI1200 achieved the most accurate estimation of the EWT with a cross-validation coefficient of determination (Rcv2) of 0.845 and relative cross-validation root mean square error (rRMSEcv) of 8.90%. Third, SAI1660 outperformed the other indices in estimating the FMC at the leaf level, with an Rcv2 of 0.637 and rRMSEcv of 8.56%. Fourth, SAI970 achieved a moderate accuracy in estimating the EWT (Rcv2 of 0.25 and rRMSEcv of 19.68%) and FMC (Rcv2 of 0.275 and rRMSEcv of 12.10%) at the leaf level. These results can enrich the application of the SAIs and demonstrate the potential of using SAI1200 to determine the leaf EWT and SAI1660 to obtain the leaf FMC among various plant types.Aggressive high-grade, estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer is more common among American women of African ancestry (AA) than those of European ancestry (EA). Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation and altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, may contribute to racial differences in breast cancer. However, few studies have specifically characterized genome-wide DNA methylation-based modifications at the miRNA level in relation to ER+ and ER- subtype, and their functional role in the regulation of miRNA expression, especially among high risk AA women. In this study, we evaluated DNA methylation patterns of miRNA encoding genes and their effect on expression in breast tumors from both AA and EA women. The genome-wide methylation screen identified a total of 7,191 unique CpGs mapped to 1,292 miRNA genes, corresponding to 2,035 unique mature miRNAs. We identified differentially methylated loci (DMLs (|delta β|)>0.10, FDR less then 0.05) between ER- and ER+ tumor subtypes, including 290 DMLs shared in both races, 317 and 136 were specific to AA and EA women, respectively.