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© 2020 Batten et al.Background Community-based health insurance schemes are becoming increasingly recognized as a potential strategy to achieve universal health coverage in developing countries. Despite great efforts to improve accessibility to modern health-care services in the past two decades, in Ethiopia, utilization of health-care services have remained very low. Given the financial barriers of the poor households and lack of sustainable health-care financing mechanisms in the country has been recognized to be major factors, the country has implemented community-based health insurance in piloted regions of Ethiopia aiming to improve utilization of health-care services by removing financial barriers. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding the effect of the implemented insurance scheme on the utilization of health-care services. Objective To analyze the effects of a community-based health insurance scheme on the utilization of health-care services in Yirgalem town, southern Ethiopia. Methods The study used both a quantitative and qualitative mixed approach using a comparative cross-sectional study design for a quantitative part using a randomly selected sample of 405 (135 member and 270 non-member) household heads. To complement the findings from the household survey, focus group discussions were used. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the effect of community-based health insurance on health-care utilization. Results The study reveals that community-based health insurance member households were about three times more likely to utilize outpatient care than their non-member counterparts [AOR 2931; 95% CI (1.039, 7.929); p-value=0.042]. Conclusion Community-based health insurance is an effective tool to increase utilization of health-care services and provide the scheme to member households. © 2020 Demissie and Gutema Negeri.Aim The aim of this study was to determine and compare the level of knowledge and perception of ADRs reporting and pharmacovigilance among interns and hospital pharmacists in different health-care settings in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists and pharmacy interns in different hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A total of 315 participants completed the self-administered and validated questionnaire during the period from August 2018 to March 2019. Results There was poor perception and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting among pharmacists as well as intern pharmacists. However, pharmacists had better knowledge score compared to interns (P=0.043). Most of the respondents believed that ADRs reporting is important. The majority of both interns and pharmacists stated that they did not receive adequate education about pharmacovigilance during their undergraduate or internship program. Conclusion There is a gap in knowledge and perception about pharmacovigilance among practicing pharmacists and new pharmacy graduates. Drug safety fundamentals and policies should be taught to undergraduate pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. © 2020 Alshayban et al.Introduction Inadequately controlled severe asthma patients require additional therapy accounting for significant clinical and economic burden. Our analysis aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in the management of severe allergic asthma in Italy based on observational data from the PROXIMA study. Methods Observational data on efficacy, healthcare resource utilization and changes in quality of life at 12 months after the initiation of omalizumab were examined to estimate the cost-effectiveness compared to pre-omalizumab period and results were expressed with Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). The cost-utility analysis estimated the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Direct health costs were assessed from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service (NHS). Results Omalizumab reduced the incidence of exacerbations, number of hospitalizations, physician visits, and improved quality of life after 12 months of treatment. Omalizumab had a greater effectiveness than pre-omalizumab treatment involving 0.132 QALYs gained and led to a €3729 per patient reduction in direct healthcare costs, excluding the add-on treatment cost. Nevertheless, the addition of omalizumab cost led to €7478 increase in total direct costs with respect to pre-omalizumab period. Based on difference in total direct cost and difference in QALY between post and pre-omalizumab period, the ICER was €56,847. According to sensitivity analysis, omalizumab provided a cost-effective use of NHS resources, already at 20% discounted price. Conclusion This study offers a real-world evidence of omalizumab effectiveness in Italy. Despite the high acquisition cost of the innovative drug, omalizumab is a sustainable treatment option for patients with uncontrolled severe allergic asthma. © 2020 Canonica et al.Background Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that causes the social breakdown of relationships with others. Patients with schizophrenia interpret reality and verbal communication in an abnormal way. They experience great difficulty in building and maintaining of social relationships within society. They also experience barriers in communication and motivation that hinder their readiness for treatment. The willingness of patients with schizophrenia to be treated improves mental illness, social support and other health-related issues. The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social support and willingness for treatment in patients with Schizophrenia. Methods The qualitative research approach was used to solicit and capture more in-depth information from participants. The research design was phenomenological in nature. A cross-sectional survey method was employed. The sample consisted of twenty female patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, seven psychiatrists, and seven psychologisenia. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html © 2020 Jameel et al.Background Emerging evidence has shown that night-eating syndrome is correlated to depressive symptoms. However, these studies were mainly small-scale investigations. Purpose This study aimed to examine the association of night-eating syndrome with depressive symptoms among college students using a large-scale sample. Methods A cross-sectional study, which was a part of the Fitness Improvement Tactics in Youth Project, was conducted in 2017. The current study included 3278 college freshmen from Shenyang, China. They completed self-administered questionnaires and provided their sociodemographic and lifestyle information. Night-eating syndrome was assessed using the night-eating questionnaire (NEQ). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results Of participants, 5.4% had night-eating syndrome (NEQ score ≥30), and 21.3% had depressive symptoms (SDS score ≥53). Prevalence of night-eating syndrome was higher in male than female students (p = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis indicated that students with night-eating syndrome had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those without the syndrome after adjusting covariates (odds ratios [95% CI] 3.28 [2.40, 4.48], p less then 0.001). Consistent results were found when night-eating syndrome was defined as NEQ score ≥25. In addition, analysis of covariance showed a significant association between NEQ quartiles and SDS score (mean [95% CI] Q1, 44.4 [43.8, 45.0]; Q2, 43.4 [42.7, 44.0]; Q3, 44.4 [43.7, 45.1]; Q4, 47.5 [46.9, 48.2], p less then 0.001 for linear and quadratic trend). Conclusion This study showed an association between night-eating syndrome and depressive symptoms among Chinese college freshmen. © 2020 Guo et al.Purpose Corporate culture faces a variety of cross-cultural challenges across the globe. Every culture retains and maintains different norms and customs, which are totally unique and different from other cultures. Consequently, employees from different cultures often experience various cross-cultural issues and challenges while working in transnational organizations where employees are needed to understand how people from diverse cultures must work together. Patients and Methods The study used mixed research methodology for meeting the paper goals. Both positivism and phenomenology look relevant in a sense that they individually and collectively satisfy the paper objectives. To test mediation and moderation, the authors have used various hypotheses through collecting the sample size of 600 out of 6000 employees working for an Asian group encompassing more than 200 companies. Moderation and mediation strategic management research methods were used with the American Industrial Group in Asia as the setup of the study. Hypotheses were tested on effects of new corporate culture-based learning on the perception of social norms, learning attitude, self-efficacy, and social values. Additional hypotheses were also tested on the effects of perception of social norms, learning attitude, self-efficacy, social values, and psychological control on change intention. Results Perceived social norms directly affect the willingness to change as they have been used as mediating variables. Therefore, social norms affect corporate norms. Conclusion The paper shows how mediation and moderation are understood and applied through understanding the relationship between local culture and corporate culture. The findings reveal how local culture affects corporate culture. However, there are certain limitations of the study; this includes that the study scope has mostly focused on an Asian context, therefore, it may not be applicable to other continents. © 2020 Ma and Kang.Purpose Low injury rates have previously been correlated with sporting team success, highlighting the importance of injury prevention programs. Recent methods, such as acutechronic workload ratios (ACWR) have been developed in an attempt to predict and manage injury risk; however, the relation between these methods and injury risk is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the key findings of studies that have investigated the relationship between ACWR and injury risk. Methods Included studies were critically appraised using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Results Twenty-seven studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 48.2% to 64.3%. Almost perfect interrater agreement (κ = 0.885) existed between raters. This review found a high variability between studies with different variables studied (total distance versus high speed running), as well as differences between ratios analyzed (1.50-1.80 versus ≥1.50), and reference groups (a reference group of 0.80-1.20 versus ≤0.85). Conclusion Considering the high variability, it appears that utilizing ACWR for external (eg, total distance) and internal (eg, heart rate) loads may be related to injury risk. Calculating ACWR using exponentially weighted moving averages may potentially result in a more sensitive measure. There also appears to be a trend towards the ratios of 0.80-1.30 demonstrating the lowest risk of injury. However, there may be issues with the ACWR method that must be addressed before it is confidently used to mitigate injury risk. Utilizing standardized approaches will allow for more objective conclusions to be drawn across multiple populations. © 2020 Maupin et al.