Fraserrichter8990

Overall, this investigation shows that the exclusive formation of the alternate [2×2] grid is driven by CH⋅⋅⋅N interactions.

To compare oncological outcomes in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy or a combination of radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy.

Men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy between 2007 and 2014 were evaluated. All patients were relatively healthy, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 without nodal or distant metastasis. Cancer-specific survival was analyzed. Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, biopsy Gleason score and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen were adjusted by propensity score matching. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors prognostic of cancer-specific survival.

Of the 152 patients with clinical T3b prostate cancer, 45 underwent radical prostatectomy, and 107 underwent radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy between 2007 and 2014. The mean cancer-specific survival was significantly longer tomy can be a better treatment option for the initial definitive treatment for these patients.

Cancer-specific survival was significantly longer in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy than radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy, suggesting that radical prostatectomy can be a better treatment option for the initial definitive treatment for these patients.The first intermolecular visible light [3+2] cycloaddition reaction performed on a meta photocycloadduct employing acetylenic sulfones is described. The developed methodology exploits the advantages of combining UV and visible-light in a two-step sequence that provides a photogenerated cyclopropane which, through a strain-release process, generates a new cyclopentane ring while significantly increasing the molecular complexity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate an energy transfer pathway for the visible light-driven reaction step. This strategy could be extended to simpler vinylcyclopropanes.Mild to moderate psoriasis is most often treated with topical therapy. The article reviews literature on topical treatments that have been assessed in clinical trials and real-life studies lasting at least 12 months. Calcipotriol/bethamethasone dipropionate foam in maintenance treatment following the induction phase can improve efficacy and safety of topical therapy in psoriatic patients. Introduction of new topical nonsteroidal drugs and the wider use of proactive therapy seem to be crucial to achieve satisfactory long-term outcomes in psoriasis.The hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) generation via the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under ambient conditions is emerging as an alternative and green strategy to the traditional energy-intensive anthraquinone process and unsafe direct synthesis using H2 and O2 . It enables on-site and decentralized H2 O2 production using air and renewable electricity for various applications. Currently, atomically dispersed single metal site catalysts have emerged as the most promising platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts for the ORR. Further tuning their central metal sites, coordination environments, and local structures can be highly active and selective for H2 O2 production via the 2e- ORR. Herein, recent methodologies and achievements on developing single metal site catalysts for selective O2 to H2 O2 reduction are summarized. Combined with theoretical computation and advanced characterization, a structure-property correlation to guide rational catalyst design with a favorable 2e- ORR process is aimed to provide. Due to the oxidative nature of H2 O2 and the derived free radicals, catalyst stability and effective solutions to improve catalyst tolerance to H2 O2 are emphasized. Transferring intrinsic catalyst properties to electrode performance for viable applications always remains a grand challenge. The key performance metrics and knowledge during the electrolyzer development are, therefore, highlighted.The simulation of the ion pumping against a proton gradient energized by light in photosynthesis is of significant importance for the energy conversion in a non-biological environment. Herein, we report light-powered ion pumping in a polystyrene sulfonate anion (PSS) doped polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymer membrane (PSS-PPy) with a symmetric geometry. This PSS-PPy conducting polymer membrane exhibits a cationic selectivity and a light-responsive surface-charge-governed ion transport attributed to the negatively charged PSS groups. An asymmetric visible irradiation on one side of the PSS-PPy membrane induces a built-in electric field across the membrane due to the intrinsic photoelectronic property of PPy, which drives the cationic transport against the concentration gradient, demonstrating an ion-pumping effect. This work is a prototype that uses a geometry-symmetric conducting polymer membrane as a light-powered artificial ion pump for active ion transport, which exhibits potential applications in nanofluidic energy conversion.

In situ metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) contributes to oxidative damage of cells and DNA and has been linked to carcinogenesis in numerous epithelial tissues. The goal of this study was to determine expression patterns of ADH1 and ADH7 isozymes in normal, hyperplastic (benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]) and neoplastic (prostate cancer [PCa]) prostate. Furthermore, racial differences in ADH expression between African Americans and Caucasians were investigated.

ADH expression patterns were characterized by density analysis of ADH immunohistochemistry (n = 21) and real-time RT-PCR of total RNAs by laser-capture microdissection (n = 10) and whole tissue formalin-fixed paraffin embedded prostate biopsies (n = 63).

ADH protein is found in normal prostate and is primarily associated with glandular epithelium. Transcripts of ADH1B are suppressed in PCa compared to BPH (p = 0.0095). Racial differences in ADH7 transcripts exist between African American and Caucasian men. A total of 57.6% os. Racial differences in ADH7 within the prostate is a novel finding and should be investigated further.The Edwards Intuity valve is a rapid deployment prosthesis designed for the aortic position. There is a paucity of literature on the use of the Intuity valve in combined aortic and mitral double valvular surgery. We present a case that highlights our novel surgical technique for implanting the Intuity valve in the aortic position following insertion of a conventional sutured bioprosthetic valve in the mitral position.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by cardiac remodelling. Glutaminolysis plays a crucial role in PAH-induced remodelling. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may mediate this process. This study investigated whether or not the blockade of mGluR5 may attenuate PAH-induced pathological cardiac remodelling. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was induced by intraperitoneally injecting male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with 60 mg/kg of monocrotaline (MCT). 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was used as a therapeutic intervention to block mGluR5. Cardiac functions were assessed with right heart catheterization and electrocardiography. Alterations in protein expressions and inflammatory markers were investigated using western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RSVP), elevated protein expressions of mGluR5, collagen types I and III and cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP1), enhanced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), increased angiopoietin 2 (Ang 2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGF) protein expressions and elevated serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrotic factor α (TNF-α) were observed in MCT-induced PAH rats. MTEP improved hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy. MTEP also attenuated MCT-induced elevations in the protein expressions of mGluR5, collagen types I and III, CILP1, Ang 2 and VEGF and decreased PI3K, AKT and P38MAPK phosphorylations and inflammatory cytokine levels. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 blockade using MTEP ameliorates PAH-induced pathological right cardiac remodelling via inhibiting the signalling cascade involving PI3K/AKT, P38MAPK, Ang 2 and VEGF.

Hair loss and greying affect men and women of all ages, often causing psychosocial difficulties. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a major hair loss factor secreted from dermal papilla (DP) cells in response to the secretion of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), has been reported to induce and accelerate androgenetic alopecia (AGA). In addition, DKK1 acts as a potent suppressor of melanogenesis and is closely related to hair colour. R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) is a secretory agonist of Wnt signalling known to antagonize the effects of DKK1, including DKK1-mediated hair follicle suppression. In this study, we investigated the effect of watercress extract (WCE) on the secretion of RSPO1 and DKK1 from DP cells as well as its anti-hair loss effect in human hair follicles and patients.

The in vitro secretion of RSPO1 and DKK1 was measured by ELISA. Human hair follicles were collected from the scalp of a female donor and used for ex vivo organ culture to investigate the effects of WCE on human hair loss. Finally, a 6-month human clinical trial was conducted to examine the effect of WCE-containing lotion on hair growth in a male panel.

WCE significantly upregulated RSPO1secretion and suppressed DKK1secretion in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of DHT. WCE-treated hair follicles elongated 1.6-fold compared with the control, and the level of RSPO1 production in DP as well as RSPO1 bound to the outer root sheath (ORS) increased. In the clinical trial, the hair lotion containing 2% WCE increased hair thickness and density to improve against hair loss symptoms.

WCE exhibited a strong anti-androgenic effect through its ability to suppress DKK1secretion and antagonize DKK1 via RSPO1. These findings highlighted the potential use of WCE for the treatment of hair loss.

WCE exhibited a strong anti-androgenic effect through its ability to suppress DKK1 secretion and antagonize DKK1 via RSPO1. These findings highlighted the potential use of WCE for the treatment of hair loss.The evolutionarily ancient methoxyindoleamine, melatonin, has long perplexed investigators by its versatility of functions and mechanisms of action, which include the regulation of vertebrate pigmentation. Although first discovered through its potent skin-lightening effects in amphibians, melatonin's role in human skin and hair follicle pigmentation and its impact on melanocyte physiology remain unclear. Synthesizing our limited current understanding of this role, we specifically examine its impact on melanogenesis, oxidative biology, mitochondrial function, melanocyte senescence, and pigmentation-related clock gene activity, with emphasis on human skin, yet without ignoring instructive pointers from nonhuman species. Given the strict dependence of melanocyte functions on the epithelial microenvironment, we underscore that melanocyte responses to melatonin are best interrogated in a physiological tissue context. Current evidence suggests that melatonin and some of its metabolites inhibit both, melanogenesis (via reducing tyrosinase activity) and melanocyte proliferation by stimulating melatonin membrane receptors (MT1, MT2).