Frankshawley3886

Relational morphology (RM) is a novel approach to word structure that bears a close relation to construction grammar (CxG). Based on the parallel architecture framework, its basic question is what linguistic entities are stored in long-term memory, and in what form? Like CxG, RM situates the "rules of grammar" in an extended lexicon, right along with words, multiword expressions such as idioms and collocations, and meaningful syntactic constructions. However, its notion of schema enriches CxG's notion of construction in a number of respects, including (a) the possibility of purely formal schemas that lack meaning, (b) a more precise way of specifying relations among lexical items than standard inheritance, (c) the possibility of "horizontal" relations between individual words and between schemas, (d) a clearer characterization of the distinction between productive and nonproductive phenomena, and (e) more explicit integration with theories of language processing and of other domains of cognition.Gene therapy is proving to be an effective approach to treat or prevent ocular diseases ensuring a targeted, stable, and regulated introduction of exogenous genetic material with therapeutic action. Retinal diseases can be broadly categorized into two groups, namely monogenic and complex (multifactorial) forms. The high genetic heterogeneity of monogenic forms represents a significant limitation to the application of gene-specific therapeutic strategies for a significant fraction of patients. Therefore, mutation-independent therapeutic strategies, acting on common pathways that underly retinal damage, are gaining interest as complementary/alternative approaches for retinal diseases. This review will provide an overview of mutation-independent strategies that rely on the modulation in the retina of key genes regulating such crucial degenerative pathways. In particular, we will describe how gene-based approaches explore the use of neurotrophic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), genome editing and optogenetics in order to restore/prolong visual function in both outer and inner retinal diseases. We predict that the exploitation of gene delivery procedures applied to mutation/gene independent approaches may provide the answer to the unmet therapeutic need of a large fraction of patients with genetically heterogeneous and complex retinal diseases.

Admissions in cirrhosis are expensive and often unpredictable based on purely clinical variables. Admissions could be related to complications associated with gut microbial changes, which can improve prognostication. However, the cost-effectiveness is unclear.

Determine cost-effectiveness of adding gut microbiota analysis to clinical parameters in prediction and subsequent reduction of admissions in cirrhosis.

Using a Markov model of 1000 cirrhosis patients over 90 days, we modeled microbiota testing using 16srRNA ($250/sample), low-depth ($350/sample) and high-depth ($650/sample) metagenomics added to standard-of-care (SOC) for prevention of admissions using standard outcome costs and rates of development. We generated quality of life years (QALY) and Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) for the base scenarios and performed sensitivity analyses by varying costs for outcomes (transplant, death, admission) and admission rates (40%, range 25%-60%).

Using fixed costs of outcomes and outcome rates, microbiota analysis was cost-saving ($47K-$97K) at $250 and $350/sample if admissions were reduced by 5%over SOC and >10% with $650/sample. When costs of LT, death and admissions were varied, these cost-savings remained robust provided there was >2.1% reduction (range 1.3%-3.2%) for $250/sample, >2.9% (range 1.8%-4.4%) for $350/sample and >5.4% (range 3.3%-8.2%) for $650/sample. learn more These cost-savings remained robust even when the assumed admission rate was varied for all sample cost values.

Gut microbiota analysis is cost-effective for predicting and potentially preventing 90-day admissions in cirrhosis over current standard of care. This cost-saving remained robust even after sensitivity analyses that varied the background admission rates.

Gut microbiota analysis is cost-effective for predicting and potentially preventing 90-day admissions in cirrhosis over current standard of care. This cost-saving remained robust even after sensitivity analyses that varied the background admission rates.When undertaking a forensic risk assessment with a young person, most evaluators complete an assessment interview to elicit autobiographical history as well as perspectives, thoughts and feelings about the individual's offending behaviour. While forensic risk assessment tools provide some suggestions on interview questions and techniques, there is no empirical research that explores the most effective strategies for eliciting detailed and reliable information in this context. This article reviews existing recommendations from the related fields of investigative interviewing and suicide risk assessment and integrates this with guidance from the forensic risk assessment literature to identify best practice recommendations for evaluators. It is hoped that this review will provide a starting point to explore how research from other fields may be integrated into risk assessment interviews to improve the quality and accuracy of forensic assessment.The COVID-19 crisis has affected everyone, especially elementary school-aged children who might be too young to fully understand the sudden changes in familiar social norms as well as the unprecedented pandemic-induced educational context. This article is based on a case study that explores the perspective of the experiences of ten parents of elementary school children in French Immersion programs from different school boards during the March-June 2020 schools' closure in Alberta. The findings show that parents had a special concern for the mental health of their children during the transition into lockdown and the ramifications of such experiences in the future as students return to school at the start of the academic year under a different climate. This includes adapting to new social norms and a certain apprehension of how school hygiene and safety measures in place will prevent a new coronavirus outbreak in schools.